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作者：Emran, M. Shahe; Hou, Zhaoyang
作者单位：Columbia University; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：This paper presents evidence on the effects of access to domestic and international markets on per capita consumption of households using data from rural China. The econometric analysis uses alternative identification schemes to address the potential endogeneity of access to markets. We use straight-line distances to coastline and navigable river, along with the topography of the intervening counties, as sources of exogeneous variations. We also use identification through heteroskedasticity, w...
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作者：Abowd, John M.; Stinson, Martha H.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：We propose a new methodology that does not assume a prior specification of the statistical properties of the measurement errors and treats all sources as noisy measures of some underlying true value. The unobservable true value can be represented as a weighted average of all available measures, using weights that must be specified a priori unless there has been a truth audit. The Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) survey jobs are linked to Social Security Adminis...
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作者：Squires, Dale; Vestergaard, Niels
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark
摘要：This paper addresses normative exploitation of common renewable resources with changes in technology and technical, allocative, and scale efficiency that exacerbate the commons problem and externality. Their impact depends on the rate and nature of change, investment, and state of property rights. An augmented fundamental equation of renewable resources with a modified marginal stock effect and a new marginal technology effect account for changes in disembodied and embodied technology and tech...
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作者：Andersen, Steffen; Ertac, Seda; Gneezy, Uri; List, John A.; Maximiano, Sandra
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Koc University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Chicago
摘要：Recent literature presents evidence that men are more competitively inclined than women. Since top-level careers usually require competitiveness, competitiveness differences provide an explanation for gender gaps in wages and differences in occupational choice. A natural question is whether women are born less competitive or whether they become so through the process of socialization. To pinpoint when in the socialization process the difference arises, we compare the competitiveness of childre...
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作者：Elsby, Michael W. L.; Hobijn, Bart; Sahin, Ayseguel
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：We provide a set of comparable estimates for the rates of inflow to and outflow from unemployment using publicly available data for fourteen OECD economies. Using a novel decomposition that allows for deviations of unemployment from its flow steady state, we find that fluctuations in both inflow and outflow rates contribute substantially to unemployment variation within countries. Anglo-Saxon economies exhibit approximately a 15:85 inflow-outflow split to unemployment variation, while continen...
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作者：Buccirossi, Paolo; Ciari, Lorenzo; Duso, Tomaso; Spagnolo, Giancarlo; Vitale, Cristiana
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of competition policy on total factor productivity growth for 22 industries in twelve OECD countries over 1995 to 2005. We find a positive and significant effect of competition policy as measured by created indexes. We provide results based on instrumental variables estimators and heterogeneous effects to support the causal nature of the established link. The effect is particularly strong for specific aspects of competition policy related to its institutional se...
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作者：Bergin, Paul R.; Glick, Reuven; Wu, Jyh-Lin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; National Sun Yat Sen University
摘要：This paper reconciles the persistence of aggregate real exchange rates with the faster adjustment of international relative prices in microeconomic data. Error correction model estimates indicate that a different mix of shocks drives international price deviations at the microeconomic level and that dynamic adjustment works through arbitrage in the goods market rather than the foreign exchange market. When half-lives are estimated conditional on a common set of estimated macro shocks, we find ...
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作者：Chang, Andrew C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：This paper investigates if the R&D of an industry changes due to the R&D of an industry's suppliers and/or demanders. Using an annual industry-level panel of manufacturing R&D in the United States, I find that regressing the R&D of an industry on the lagged values of another industry's R&D suggests R&D comovement between industries with a strong supplier-demander relationship. Variance decompositions indicate that the R&D of an industry has high forecasting power over the R&D variance of anoth...
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作者：Hashmi, Aamir Rafique
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：I reexamine the inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation (modeled and tested by Aghion et al. (2005)) by using data from publicly traded manufacturing firms in the United States. I control for the possible endogeneity of competition by using a trade-weighted average of industry exchange rates as an instrument. I find a mildly negative relationship between competition (as measured by the inverse of markups) and innovation (as measured by citation-weighted patents). The negativ...
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作者：Mariuzzo, Franco; Walsh, Patrick Paul
作者单位：University of East Anglia; University College Dublin
摘要：Using weekly spot and future commodity prices in Chicago and New York, we construct expected transportation rates for grain between these two cities, expected inventory levels in New York, and realized errors in the expectations of such variables. We incorporate these exogenous commodity market dynamics into Porter's (1983) structural modeling of the Joint Executive Committee Railroad Cartel. As in Porter, we model marginal cost as a parametric function of (instrumented) output, among other fa...
