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作者：Baum-Snow, Nathaniel; Pavan, Ronni
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London
摘要：A strong positive monotonic relationship between wage inequality and city size developed between 1979 and 2007 in the United States. After accounting for differences in skill composition across cities of different sizes, we find that at least 23% of the nationwide increase in the variance of log hourly wages is explained by the more rapid growth in wage inequality in larger locations than in smaller locations. This influence occurred throughout the wage distribution, was most prevalent during ...
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作者：Buckles, Kasey S.; Hungerman, Daniel M.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Season of birth is associated with later outcomes; what drives this association remains unclear. We consider a new explanation: variation in maternal characteristics. We document large changes in maternal characteristics for births throughout the year; winter births are dispropor-tionally realized by teenagers and the unmarried. Family background controls explain nearly half of season-of-birth's relation to adult outcomes. Seasonality in maternal characteristics is driven by women trying to co...
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作者：Estevadeordal, Antoni; Taylor, Alan M.
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：According to the Washington Consensus, developing countries' growth would benefit from reductions in barriers to trade. However, the empirical basis for judging trade reforms is weak. Econometrics are mostly ad hoc, results are typically not judged against models, policies are poorly measured, and most studies are based on pre-1990 experience. We address these concerns by employing a model with capital and intermediate goods, compiling new disaggregated tariff measures, and employing treatment...
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作者：Moench, Emanuel; Ng, Serena; Potter, Simon
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Columbia University
摘要：This paper uses multilevel factor models to characterize within- and between-block variations as well as idiosyncratic noise in large dynamic panels. Block-level shocks are distinguished from genuinely common shocks, and the estimated block-level factors are easy to interpret. The framework achieves dimension reduction and yet explicitly allows for heterogeneity between blocks. The model is estimated using an MCMC algorithm that takes into account the hierarchical structure of the factors. The...
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作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I investigate the importance of the match between teachers and schools for student achievement. I show that teacher effectiveness increases after a move to a different school and estimate teacher-school match effects. Match quality explains away a quarter of and has two-thirds the explanatory power of teacher quality. Match quality is negatively correlated with school switching, is unrelated to exit, and increases with experience. This paper provides the first estimates of worker-firm match qu...
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作者：Leung, Tin Cheuk
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：Using a unique conjoint data set drawn from 281 college students in Hong Kong, I estimate a random-coefficient discrete choice demand system for Microsoft Office from legal and various illegal sources. Counterfactual results show two things. First, most students would switch to Internet piracy even if the government eradicated street piracy. This explains why software piracy in Hong Kong remains well above 40% despite the government's successful measures to bring down street piracy. Second, th...
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作者：Bhalotra, Sonia; Rawlings, Samantha
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Reading
摘要：This paper investigates the sensitivity of the intergenerational transmission of health to changes in the socioeconomic and public health environment into which children are born using individual survey data on 2.24 million children born to 600,000 mothers during the period 1970 to 2000 in 38 developing countries merged by country and cohort with macroeconomic data. We find that children are more likely to bear the penalty exerted by poor maternal health if they are conceived or born in advers...
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作者：Boustan, Leah; Ferreira, Fernando; Winkler, Hernan; Zolt, Eric M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The income distribution in many developed countries widened dramatically from 1970 to 2000. Some scholars argue that income inequality contributes to a host of social ills by undermining voters' willingness to support public expenditures. In contrast, we find that growing income inequality is associated with an expansion in government revenues and expenditures on a wide range of services in U.S. municipalities and school districts. Results are robust to a number of model specifications, includ...
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作者：Kosova, Renata; Lafontaine, Francine; Perrigot, Rozenn
作者单位：Imperial College London; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Universite de Rennes; ESC Rennes School of Business; Universite de Rennes
摘要：We use a unique proprietary panel data set from a large hotel company to study how organizational form affects hotel pricing and performance. Aggregate data patterns suggest sizable performance differences between franchised and company-operated hotels. However, after controlling for other factors, we find that if significant at all, such differences are economically small. Moreover, once we endogenize the choice of organizational form, the differences become insignificant. We conclude that th...
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作者：Langer, Ashley; Miller, Nathan H.
作者单位：University of Arizona
摘要：We provide empirical evidence that automobile manufacturers use cash incentives to offset how gasoline price fluctuations affect the expected fuel expenses of automobile buyers. Regressions based on a database of incentives over 2003 to 2006 suggest that on average, manufacturers offset 40% of the change in relative fuel costs between vehicles due to gasoline price fluctuations. The results highlight that carbon taxes and emissions trading programs likelywould generate substantial substitution...
