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作者：Legros, Patrick; Newman, Andrew F.; Proto, Eugenio
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston University
摘要：We model technological progress as an external effect of organizational design, focusing on how factories, based on labor division, could spawn the Industrial Revolution. Dividing labor, as Adam Smith argued, facilitates invention by observers of production processes. However, entrepreneurs cannot internalize this benefit and choose labor division to facilitate monitoring. Equilibrium with few entrepreneurs features low wage shares, and high specialization, but a limited market for innovations...
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作者：Lind, Jo Thori; Moene, Karl Ove; Willumsen, Fredrik
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：To explain the rise in Afghan opium production, we explore how rising conflicts change the incentives of farmers. Conflicts make illegal opportunities more profitable as they increase the perceived lawlessness and destroy infrastructure crucial to alternative crops. Exploiting a unique data set, we show that Western hostile casualties, our proxy for conflict, have a strong impact on subsequent local opium production. Using the period after the planting season as a placebo test, we show that co...
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作者：Jensen, Vibeke Myrup
摘要：Physician-induced demand, whereby physicians alter patient treatment for personal gain, lies at the heart of concerns about publicly provided health care. However, little is known about how payment systems affect the ultimate outcome of patient health. Exploiting a unique policy induced variation in Denmark, I investigate the impact of physician payment contracts on infant health. In a difference-in-differences framework, I find that firstborn infants exposed in the womb to the care of general...
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作者：Crossley, Thomas F.; Low, Hamish W.
作者单位：Koc University; University of Essex; University of Cambridge
摘要：We use direct evidence on credit constraints to study their importance for household consumption growth and for welfare. We distentangle the direct effect on consumption growth of a currently binding credit constraint from the indirect effect of a potentially binding credit constraint that generates consumption risk. Our data are focused on job losers. We find that less than 5% of job losers experience a binding credit constraint, but those who do experience significant welfare losses, and con...
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作者：Murata, Yasusada; Nakajima, Ryo; Okamoto, Ryosuke; Tamura, Ryuichi
作者单位：Nihon University; Keio University; Hitotsubashi University
摘要：We develop a new distance-based test of localized knowledge spillovers that embeds the concept of control patents. Using microgeographic data, we identify localization distance for each technology class while allowing for spillovers across geographic units. We revisit the debate between Thompson and Fox-Kean (2005a, 2005b) and Henderson, Jaffe, and Trajtenberg (2005) on the existence of localized knowledge spillovers and find solid evidence supporting localization even when using finely graine...
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作者：Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Loken, Katrine V.; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; University College Dublin; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Bergen; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Given the wide use of child care subsidies across countries, it is surprising how little we know about the effect of these subsidies on children's longer-run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of child care in Norway, we are able to isolate the effects of child care subsidies on both parental and student outcomes. We find very small and statistically insignificant effects of child care subsidies on child care utilization and parental labor force participation. Despite this, we ...
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作者：Xiang, Chong
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：In this paper, I construct product-level U.S.-manufacturing-imports data for new products. I show that consistent with product cycles, the North's new-products exports to the United States, relative to its old-products exports, grow faster than the South's for over a decade; then the South catches up with the North, and this pattern is reversed. This finding holds up in parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric estimations, and only when new products are properly identified and old product...
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作者：Ductor, Lorenzo; Fafchamps, Marcel; Goyal, Sanjeev; van der Leij, Marco J.
作者单位：Massey University; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Amsterdam; European Central Bank; De Nederlandsche Bank NV; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We study how knowledge about the social network of an individual researcher, as embodied in his coauthor relations, helps us in developing a more accurate prediction of his or her future productivity. We find that incorporating information about coauthor networks leads to a modest improvement in the accuracy of forecasts on individual output, over and above what we can predict based on the knowledge of past individual output. Second, we find that the informativeness of networks dissipates over...
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作者：Davig, Troy; Doh, Taeyoung
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Kansas City
摘要：Using Bayesian methods, we estimate a Markov-switching New Keynesian (MSNK) model that allows shifts in the monetary policy reaction coefficients and shock volatilities with U. S. data. We find that a more aggressive monetary policy regime was in place after the Volcker disinflation and before 1970 than during the Great Inflation of the 1970s. Our estimates also indicate that a low-volatility regime has been in place during most of the sample period after 1984. We connect the timing of the dif...
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作者：Weinberger, Catherine J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：Data linking 1972 and 1992 adolescent skill endowments to adult outcomes reveal increasing complementarity between cognitive and social skills. In fact, previously noted growth in demand for cognitive skills affected only individuals with strong endowments of both social and cognitive skills. These findings are corroborated using Census and CPS data matched with Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) job task measures; employment in and earnings premia to occupations requiring high levels of ...
