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作者：Doleac, Jennifer L.; Sanders, Nicholas J.
作者单位：University of Virginia; Cornell University
摘要：We exploit daylight saving time (DST) as an exogenous shock to daylight, using both the discontinuous nature of the policy and the 2007 extension of DST, to consider the impact of light on criminal activity. Regression discontinuity estimates show a 7% decrease in robberies following the shift to DST. As expected, effects are largest during the hours directly affected by the shift in daylight. We discuss our findings within the context of criminal decision making and labor supply, and estimate...
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作者：Sadun, Raffaella
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Regulations curbing the entry of large retail stores have been introduced in many countries to protect independent retailers. Analyzing a planning reform launched in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, I show that independent retailers were actually harmed by the creation of entry barriers against large stores. This is because the entry barriers created the incentive for large retail chains to invest in smaller and more centrally located formats, which competed more directly with independents and...
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作者：Dai, Mian; Tang, Xun
作者单位：Drexel University; Rice University
摘要：This paper studies entry and capacity decisions by dialysis providers in the United States. We estimate a structural model where providers make continuous strategic choices of capacity based on their private information about own costs and knowledge of the distribution of competitors' private information. We evaluate the impact on the market structure and providers' profits under counterfactual regulatory policies that increase the costs or reduce the payment per unit of capacity. We find that...
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作者：Borjas, George J.; Doran, Kirk B.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：Many economists believe knowledge production generates positive spillovers among knowledge producers. The available evidence, however, is mixed. We argue that spillovers can exist along three dimensions: idea, geographic, and collaboration space. To isolate the key channel through which knowledge spills over, we use a unique data set to examine the impact of a large post-1992 exodus of Soviet mathematicians on the output of the nonemigres. Although the data reveal strong competitive effects in...
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作者：Fan, Haichao; Li, Yao Amber; Yeaple, Stephen R.
作者单位：Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper presents theory and evidence from disaggregated Chinese data that tariff reductions induce a country's producers to upgrade the quality of their exports. We first document stylized facts regarding the effect of trade liberalization on export prices. Next, we develop an analytic framework that relates a firm's choice of quality to its access to imported intermediates. In the model, a reduction in import tariffs induces a firm to increase export quality and raise its export price in i...
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作者：Azoulay, Pierre; Furman, Jeffrey L.; Krieger, Joshua L.; Murray, Fiona
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University
摘要：To what extent does false science affect the rate and direction of scientific change? We examine the impact of over 1,100 scientific retractions on the citation trajectories of articles that are related to retracted papers in intellectual space but were published prior to the retraction event. Following retraction and relative to carefully selected controls, related articles experience a lasting 5% to 10% decline in the rate of citations received. This penalty is more severe when the retracted...
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作者：Snider, Connan; Williams, Jonathan W.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We investigate the success of legislation aimed at increasing competition at highly concentrated U.S. airports, mainly by forcing these airports to increase the availability of scarce facilities. We use a multidimensional regression-discontinuity approach to exploit a sharp discontinuity in the law's implementation and identify its effects. We find that fares decrease by 13.4% (20.2%) in markets with one (both) end point(s) covered. Approximately half of the decline is driven by the entry of l...
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作者：Dong, Yingying; Lewbel, Arthur
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Boston College
摘要：Regression discontinuity models are commonly used to nonparametrically identify and estimate a local average treatment effect (LATE).We show that the derivative of the treatment effect with respect to the running variable at the cutoff, referred to as the treatment effect derivative (TED), is nonparametrically identified, easily estimated, and has implications for testing external validity and extrapolating the estimated LATE away from the cutoff. Given a local policy invariance assumption, we...
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作者：Fulford, Scott L.
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：Do banks matter for growth, and if so, how? This paper examines the effects of national banks in the United States from 1870 to 1900. I use the discontinuity in entry caused by a large minimum size requirement to identify the effects of banking. For the counties on the margin between getting a bank and not, gaining a bank increased production per person by 10%. National banks in rural areas improved agriculture over manufacturing, moving counties toward geographic comparative advantage. Since ...
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作者：Behaghel, Luc; Crepon, Bruno; Gurgand, Marc; Le Barbanchon, Thomas
作者单位：INRAE; Paris School of Economics; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We propose a novel selectivity correction procedure to deal with survey attrition in treatment effect models, at the crossroads of the Heckit model and the bounding approach of Lee (2009). As a substitute for the instrument needed in sample selectivity correction models, we use information on the number of prior calls made to each individual before obtaining a response to the survey. We obtain sharp bounds to the average treatment effect on the common support of responding individuals. Because...
