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作者：Larreguy, Horacio; Marshall, John
作者单位：Harvard University; Columbia University
摘要：Developing democracies are experiencing unprecedented increases in primary and secondary schooling. To identify education's long-run political effects, we use a difference-in-differences design that leverages variation across local government areas and gender in the intensity of Nigeria's 1976 universal primary education reformone of Africa's largest ever educational expansionsto instrument for education. We find large increases in basic civic and political engagement: better educated citizens...
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作者：Antolin-Diaz, Juan; Drechsel, Thomas; Petrella, Ivan
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Warwick
摘要：Using a dynamic factor model that allows for changes in both the long-run growth rate of output and the volatility of business cycles, we document a significant decline in long-run output growth in the United States. Our evidence supports the view that most of this slowdown occurred prior to the Great Recession. We show how to use the model to decompose changes in long-run growth into its underlying drivers. At low frequencies, a decline in the growth rate of labor productivity appears to be b...
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作者：Karadja, Mounir; Mollerstrom, Johanna; Seim, David
作者单位：Uppsala University; Humboldt University of Berlin; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Stockholm University
摘要：We use a tailor-made survey on a Swedish sample to investigate how individuals' relative income affects their demand for redistribution. We first document that a majority misperceive their position in the income distribution and believe that they are poorer, relative to others, than they actually are. We then inform a subsample about their true relative income and find that individuals who are richer than they initially thought demand less redistribution. This result is driven by individuals w...
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作者：Parey, Matthias; Ruhose, Jens; Waldinger, Fabian; Netz, Nicolai
作者单位：University of Essex; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Leibniz University Hannover; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We measure selection among high-skilled emigrants from Germany using predicted earnings. Migrants to less equal countries are positively selected relative to nonmigrants, while migrants to more equal countries are negatively selected, consistent with the prediction in Borjas (1987). Positive selection to less equal countries reflects university quality and grades, and negative selection to more equal countries reflects university subject and gender. Migrants to the United States are highly pos...
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作者：Agrawal, Ajay; Galasso, Alberto; Oettl, Alexander
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：We exploit historical data on planned highways, railroads, and exploration routes as sources of exogenous variation in order to estimate the effect of interstate highways on regional innovation: a 10% increase in a region's stock of highways causes a 1.7% increase in regional patenting over a five-year period. In terms of the mechanism, we report evidence that roads facilitate local knowledge flows, increasing the likelihood that innovators access knowledge inputs from local but more distant n...
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作者：Lemoine, Derek
作者单位：University of Arizona
摘要：I report evidence that an anticipated strengthening of environmental policy increased emissions. I find that the breakdown of the U.S. Senate's 2010 climate effort generated positive excess returns in coal futures markets. This response appears to be driven by an increase in coal storage. The proposed legislation aimed to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions after 2013, but the legislative process itself may have increased emissions by over 12 million tons of carbon dioxide leading up to April...
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作者：Clerides, Sofronis; Courty, Pascal
作者单位：University of Cyprus; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Victoria
摘要：Quantity surcharges occur when retailers carry a product in two sizes and offer a promotion on the small size: the large size then costs more per unit than the small one. When quantity surcharges occur, sales of the large size decline only slightly even though the same quantity can be purchased for less. We document this behavior in two data sets and four product categories. It is consistent with the notion of passive shoppers found in the industrial organization literature and the notion of r...
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作者：Krueger, Alan B.; Mas, Alexandre; Niu, Xiaotong
作者单位：Princeton University; Congressional Budget Office
摘要：We document that rotation group biasthe tendency for the unemployment rate to vary systematically by month in samplein the Current Population Survey (CPS) has worsened over time. Estimated unemployment rates for earlier rotation groups have grown sharply relative to later rotation groups; both should be nationally representative samples. This bias increased discretely after the 1994 CPS redesign, and rising nonresponse rates are likely a significant contributor. Survey nonresponse increased af...
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作者：Monteiro, Joana; Rocha, Rudi
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
摘要：This paper examines the effects of gunfights between drug gangs in Rio de Janeiro's favelas on student achievement. We explore variation in violence that occurs across time and space when gangs battle over territories. Within-school estimates indicate that students' scores are lower in math in years in which they are exposed to drug battles. The effect increases with conflict intensity, duration, and proximity to exam dates and decreases with the distance between the school and the conflict lo...
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作者：Papageorgiou, Chris; Saam, Marianne; Schulte, Patrick
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：In macroeconomic models, the elasticity of substitution between clean and dirty energy inputs within the energy aggregate is a central parameter in assessing the necessary conditions for long-run green growth. Using new sectoral data in a panel of 26 countries, we formulate specifications of nested constant elasticity of substitution production functions that allow estimating this parameter for the first time. We present evidence that it significantly exceeds unity, a favorable condition for p...
