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作者：Najjar, Nouri; Cherniwchan, Jevan
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Carleton University
摘要：For much of the industrialized world, pollution from manufacturing has been falling despite increased output. We examine how air quality standards---a common environmental regulation---have contributed to this cleanup of manufacturing. We develop a general equilibrium model to show how air quality standards can lead to a cleanup by causing reductions in plant emission intensity, relative changes in plant output, and plant entry and exit. We provide quasi-experimental evidence from Canada to hi...
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作者：Maheshri, Vikram; Mastrobuoni, Giovanni
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Turin; University of Essex
摘要：Security measures that deter crime may unwittingly displace it to neighboring areas, but evidence of displacement is scarce. We exploit precise information on the timing and locations of all Italian bank robberies and security guard hirings over a decade to estimate deterrence and displacement effects of guards. A guard lowers the likelihood a bank is robbed by 35% to 40%. Over half of this reduction is displaced to nearby unguarded banks. Theory suggests optimal policy to mitigate this spillo...
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作者：Drager, Lena; Nghiem, Giang
作者单位：Leibniz University Hannover; Goethe University Frankfurt; Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：Evaluating a new survey of German consumers, we test whether individual consumption spending decisions are formed according to a Euler equation model. We find that consumers are more likely to increase current spending if they plan to increase spending in the future and if they expect higher inflation. In the subsample of financially literate households, we find an additional negative effect of nominal interest rate expectations. The effects of macroeconomic expectations become stronger if con...
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作者：Bloom, Nicholas; Manova, Kalina; Van Reenen, John; Sun, Stephen Teng; Yu, Zhihong
作者单位：Stanford University; University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); City University of Hong Kong; University of Nottingham
摘要：We study how management practices shape export performance using matched production-trade-management data for Chinese and American firms and a randomized control trial in India. Better-managed firms are more likely to export, sell more products to more destinations, and earn higher export revenues and profits. They export higher-quality products at higher prices and lower quality-adjusted prices. They import a wider range of inputs and inputs of higher quality and price, from more advanced cou...
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作者：Cusolito, Ana Paula; Dautovic, Ernest; McKenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank; European Central Bank; University of Lausanne
摘要：Innovative firms with good ideas may still struggle to fine-tune them to the stage where they can attract outside funding. We conduct a five-country randomized experiment that tests the impact of an investment readiness program. Firms then pitched their ideas to independent judges. The program resulted in a 0.3 standard deviation increase in the investment readiness score. Two years later, the average impacts on firm investment outcomes are positive but small in magnitude and not statistically...
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作者：Comola, Margherita; Prina, Silvia
作者单位：Universite Paris Saclay; Paris School of Economics; Northeastern University
摘要：Networks may rewire in response to interventions. We propose a measure of the treatment effect when an intervention affects the structure of a social network. We develop a treatment-response model that incorporates dynamic peer effects and provide its identification conditions and the associated instrumental-variable strategy. We illustrate our estimation procedure using a panel data set containing information on a financial network before and after a field experiment that randomized access to...
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作者：Montalvo, Jose G.; Reynal-Querol, Marta
作者单位：Barcelona School of Economics; Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：The relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and economic growth is complex. Empirical research working with cross-country data finds a negative, or statistically insignificant, relationship. However, analysis at the city level finds a positive effect of diversity on wages and productivity. Generally there is a trade-off between the economic benefits of diversity and the costs of heterogeneity. Using cells of fixed size, we find that the relationship between diversity and growth is positive f...
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作者：Montalvo, Jose G.; Reynal-Querol, Marta
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：The relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and economic growth is complex. Empirical research working with cross-country data finds a negative, or statistically insignificant, relationship. However, analysis at the city level finds a positive effect of diversity on wages and productivity. Generally there is a trade-off between the economic benefits of diversity and the costs of heterogeneity. Using cells of fixed size, we find that the relationship between diversity and growth is positive f...
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作者：Brown, Jeffrey R.; Kapteyn, Arie; Luttmer, Erzo F. P.; Mitchell, Olivia S.; Samek, Anya
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California; Dartmouth College; University of Pennsylvania; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This paper examines two behavioral factors that diminish people's ability to value a lifetime income stream or annuity, drawing on a randomized experiment with about 4,000 adults in a U.S. nationally representative sample. We find that increasing the complexity of the annuity choice reduces respondents' ability to value the annuity, measured by the difference between the sell and buy values they assign to the annuity. When we limit narrow choice bracketing by inducing people to think first abo...
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作者：Fabbri, Marco; Dari-Mattiacci, Giuseppe
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Columbia University
摘要：This paper shows that formalizing private property rights has a positive effect on the propensity to respect the property of others. We study a recent large-scale land tenure reform in West Africa that was the first of its kind to be implemented as a randomized control trial. Results of a modified dictator game show that the formalization of private property rights reduced an individual's willingness to take from others' endowment. We used additional experimental measures and postexperimental ...
