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作者：Dean, Mark; Sautmann, Anja
作者单位：Columbia University; The World Bank
摘要：Incentivized experiments are often used to identify the time preferences of households in developing countries. We argue theoretically and empirically that experimental measures may not identify preference parameters, but are a useful tool for understanding financial shocks and constraints. Using data from an experiment in Mali, we find that subject responses vary with savings and financial shocks, meaning they provide information about credit constraints and can be used to test models of risk...
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作者：Enders, Zeno; Kleemann, Michael; Mueller, Gernot J.
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Deutsche Bundesbank; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：This paper proposes a two-step procedure in order to identify belief shocks-shocks to expectations about the current state of the economy. First, we use the Survey of Professional Forecasters to measure nowcast errors about contemporaneous output growth. Second, we extract belief shocks from nowcast errors, once by regressing them on existing measures of structural shocks and once by imposing sign restrictions on a VAR model. Using both approaches, we find that belief shocks trigger similar ad...
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作者：Agan, Amanda; Freedman, Matthew; Owens, Emily
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Governments in the United States must offer free legal services to low-income people accused of crimes. To provide these services, many jurisdictions rely on assigned counsel systems, where private attorneys represent indigent defendants on a contract basis. These defendants are more likely to be convicted and incarcerated than defendants with privately retained attorneys. Using detailed court records, we investigate the mechanisms behind this disparity and consider their policy implications. ...
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作者：Montalvo, Jose G.; Reynal-Querol, Marta
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：The relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and economic growth is complex. Empirical research working with cross-country data finds a negative, or statistically insignificant, relationship. However, analysis at the city level finds a positive effect of diversity on wages and productivity. Generally there is a trade-off between the economic benefits of diversity and the costs of heterogeneity. Using cells of fixed size, we find that the relationship between diversity and growth is positive f...
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作者：Yu, Chi Wai; Zhang, Y. Jane; Zuo, Sharon Xuejing
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of New South Wales Sydney; Fudan University; Shanghai Institute of International Finance & Economics
摘要：A substantial proportion of individuals who complete the widely used multiple price list (MPL) instrument switch back and forth between the safe and the risky choice columns, behavior that is believed to indicate low-quality decision making. We develop a conceptual framework to formally define decision-making quality, test explanations for the nature of low-quality decision making, and introduce a novel nudge treatment that reduced multiple switching behavior and increased decision-making qual...
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作者：Zimmermann, Laura
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Governments around the world use short-term reelection strategies. This is problematic if governments can maximize their reelection chances by prioritizing short-term spending before an election over long-term reforms. This paper tests whether longer program exposure has a causal effect on election outcomes in the context of a large antipoverty program in India. Using a regression-discontinuity framework, the results show that length of program exposure lowers electoral support for the governm...
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作者：Eren, Ozkan; Mocan, Naci
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper contributes to the debate on the impact of juvenile crime punishment on high school completion and adult recidivism using administrative data from a southern U.S. state. We exploit random assignment of cases to judges and use idiosyncratic judge stringency in imprisonment to estimate the causal effect of incarceration. We find that juvenile incarceration increases the propensity of being convicted for a drug offense in adulthood while it lowers the propensity to be convicted of a pr...
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作者：Li, Nicholas
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：I examine the source and welfare implications of differences in household consumption diversity. I document the existence of a positive correlation between household variety and expenditure to motivate a simple framework where households purchase more varieties to counteract diminishing returns to quantity but face location-specific costs of accessing variety. Estimating the model with Indian household data, I find that the increase in dietary diversity between 1983 and 2009 was mostly due to ...
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作者：Weisburd, Sarit
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of police presence on crime using a unique database that tracks the exact location of Dallas Police Department patrol cars throughout 2009. To address the concern that officer location is often driven by crime, my instrument exploits police responses to calls outside their allocated coverage beat. This variable provides a plausible shift in police presencewithin the abandoned beat that is driven by the police goal of minimizing response times. I find that a 10% ...
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作者：Huang, Wei; Lei, Xiaoyan; Sun, Ang
摘要：This study considers the experience of China's one-child policy to examine how fertility restrictions affect economic and social outcomes over a lifetime. Using variations in these penalties across provinces and over time, we find that exposure to stricter fertility restrictions when young leads to higher education levels, more white-collar jobs, delayed marriage, and lower fertility rates. Further consequences include lower rates of residing with the elderly, higher household income, consumpt...
