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作者：Hornbeck, Richard; Moretti, Enrico
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We first estimate the direct effects on local workers' earnings and housing costs from increases in local labor demand caused by gains in city-level manufacturing productivity. We find that local workers benefit from productivity growth, even after subtracting increases in housing costs. These gains are larger for local less educated workers, such that productivity growth reduces local inequality. We then propose and implement a new transparent method of estimating indirect effects of local pr...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Bargain, Olivier B.; Jonassen, Anders B.
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We estimate the impact of social assistance on youth employment in Denmark, 2000 to 2006. For childless unmarried individuals, maximum welfare payments increased by 55% at age 25. Using administrative panel data, we find a significant disincentive effect among the low-skilled only, for whom employment fell by 2% to 3% and benefit take-up increased by 10% to 14%. Two-thirds of the effect is attributable to transitions from work to welfare and one-third to reduced labor market entry. Heterogeneo...
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作者：Firoozi, Daniel
作者单位：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College
摘要：Information about inequality can change political attitudes in lab and survey experiments. I use data from the Appalachian Regional Commission and a regression discontinuity design to test whether salient information about local poverty can impact voter behavior in a field setting. I find that when the poorest decile of counties is labeled economically distressed, the Democratic share of the Presidential and House popular vote rises in subsequent elections. I present suggestive evidence linkin...
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作者：Siddique, Abu; Rahman, Tabassum; Pakrashi, Debayan; Islam, Asad; Ahmed, Firoz
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of Newcastle; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Kanpur; Monash University; Technical University of Munich; Khulna University
摘要：Delivering validated information to rural areas is a major challenge in low-income countries. In this paper, we study information provision to rural communities in the context of a global outbreak of an infectious disease-COVID-19. Two weeks after the initial lockdown in March 2020, we conducted a randomized experiment in rural Bangladesh and India to disseminate health information over the phone. We find that relative to information provided via SMS, phone calls can significantly improve peop...
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作者：Janys, Lena
作者单位：Newcastle University - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Women are underrepresented in academia in general and economics in particular. I introduce a test to detect an underresearched form of hiring bias: implicit quotas. I derive a test under the null hypothesis of gender-blind hiring that requires no additional information about individual hires and can be used to analyze hiring bias in a variety of other hiring settings. I derive its asymptotic distribution and propose a parametric bootstrap procedure that resamples from the exact distribution. I...
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作者：Faria-e-Castro, Miguel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：I study the effects of the U.S. fiscal policy response to the Great Recession, accounting for both standard tools and financial sector interventions. A nonlinear model calibrated to the United States allows me to study the state-dependent effects of different fiscal policies. I combine the model with data on the fiscal policy response to find that the fall in consumption would have been one-third larger in the absence of that response, for a cumulative loss of 7.18%. Transfers and bank recapit...
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作者：Tian, Yuan
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：Economic institutions that impede factor mobility become more costly when an economy experiences substantial transitions such as trade liberalization. I study how trade triggers changes in labor institutions that regulate internal migration in the context of China's Hukou system. Using a newly collected dataset on prefecture-level migration policies, I document an increase in promigrant regulations following WTO entry and estimate the impact of prefecture-level tariffs on exports on migration ...
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作者：Griffith, Alan
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Efforts to leverage peer effects by changing assignment have often fallen short due to endogenous peer choice. To address this, I build a two-part model: agents form networks via continuous linking decisions; conditional on realized networks, outcomes are determined. I provide results on identification of both parts of the model. Using data from a randomized study in India, I estimate the model, assess its performance in out-of-sample prediction, and simulate outcomes under preferential assign...
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作者：Clay, Karen; Lewis, Joshua; Severnini, Edson
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Universite de Montreal; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：This paper examines the health tradeoffs associated with the historical expansion in coal-fired electricity generation in the United States. We combine newly digitized data on all major coal-fired power plants for the period 1938-1962 with two complementary difference-in-differences strategies. Coal-fired plants imposed large negative health externalities that were partially offset by the benefits of local electricity generation. The health impacts varied widely according to initial electricit...
