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作者：Dean, Andres; Fleitas, Sebastian; Zerpa, Mariana
作者单位：Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universidad de Chile; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We analyze dynamic incentives in pension systems created by the use of a small set of final years of earnings to compute benefits. Using social security records and household surveys from Uruguay, we show that self-employed workers and some employees of small firms respond to these incentives by increasing reported earnings in the benefit calculation window. We find evidence that suggests that these responses are explained by changes in earnings reporting and not in total earnings or labor sup...
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作者：Altindag, Onur; Greve, Jane; Tekin, Erdal
作者单位：Bentley University
摘要：We evaluate the impact of a nationwide public health intervention on deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), using population data from Denmark in a regression discontinuity research design. The information campaign-implemented primarily through a universal nurse home visiting program-reduced infant mortality by 17.2% and saved between 11.6 and 13.5 lives over 10,000 births. The estimated effect sizes are 11-14 times larger among low-birthweight and preterm infants relative to the ove...
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作者：Jeong, Dahyeon; Shenoy, Ajay
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：A party's influence over redistricting increases discontinuously when its seat share in the state legislature exceeds 50%. We apply bunching tests to show that, in the election before redistricting, parties systematically win narrow majorities in legislatures of states where they have lost recent U.S. House races. This trend of losses is reversed after redistricting despite no change in overall House vote shares in states near the cutoff. The pre-to-post-redistricting change in regression disc...
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作者：Faia, Ester; Fuster, Andreas; Pezone, Vincenzo; Zafar, Basit
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Finance Institute (SFI); Tilburg University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We conduct two survey experiments to study which information people choose to consume and how it affects their beliefs. In the first experiment, respondents choose between optimistic and pessimistic article headlines related to the COVID-19 pandemic and are then randomly shown one of the articles. Respondents with more pessimistic prior beliefs tend to prefer pessimistic headlines, providing evidence of confirmation bias. Additionally, respondents assigned to the less preferred article discoun...
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作者：Manning, Alan; Mazeine, Graham
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：There is a widespread belief that work is less secure than in the past, that an increasing share of workers are part of the precariat. It is hard to find much evidence for this in objective measures of job security, but perhaps subjective measures show different trends. This paper shows that in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, workers feel as secure as they ever have in the past 30 years. This is partly because job insecurity is very cyclical and (pre-COVID) unemployment rat...
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作者：Aghion, Philippe; Bergeaud, Antonin; Lequien, Matthieu; Melitz, Marc J.
作者单位：Universite PSL; College de France; European Central Bank; Bank of France; European Central Bank; Bank of France; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We analyze how demand conditions faced by a firm in its export markets affect its innovation decisions. We exploit exogenous firm-level export demand shocks and find that firms respond by patenting more; furthermore, this response is driven by the subset of initially more productive firms. The patent response arises two to five years after the shock, highlighting the time required to innovate. In contrast, the demand shock raises contemporaneous sales and employment for all firms regardless of...
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作者：Gonzalez, Felipe; Prem, Mounu
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Universidad del Rosario; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study the protest behavior of teenagers linked to a student killed by a stray bullet coming from a policeman in Chile. We use administrative data to follow the schoolmates of the victim and those living near the shooting on hundreds of protest and nonprotest days. We find that police violence causes lower protest participation in street rallies but more adherence to test boycotts. These effects appear among schoolmates of the victim and not among students living near the killing. Negative e...
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作者：Sacks, Daniel W.; Menachemi, Nir; Embi, Peter; Wing, Coady
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Regenstrief Institute Inc; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Measuring the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population is difficult because tests are conducted on a small and nonrandom segment of the population. However, hospitalized patients are tested at very high rates, even those admitted for non-COVID reasons. We show how to use information on testing of non-COVID hospitalized patients to obtain tight bounds on population prevalence, under conditions weaker than those usually used. We apply our approach to the population of...
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作者：Butikofer, Aline; Loken, Katrine V.; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：By exploiting the opening of the & Ouml;resund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden, we examine the impact of access to larger labor markets on wages and employment. We show that the bridge generated a substantial increase in the cross-country commuting behavior of Swedes and a 13.5% increase in the average wage of workers in the region. We further show that the wage gains are unevenly distributed: the effect is largest for high-educated men and smallest for low-educated women. Thus, the wage gai...
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作者：Liu, Sitian; Su, Yichen
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Prior studies show that women are more willing to accept lower wages for shorter commutes than men. We show that gender differences in commuting preferences lead to a gender wage gap only if there is a wage penalty for shortening commutes, determined by the geography of jobs. We demonstrate this by showing that the commuting and wage gaps are considerably smaller among workers living near city centers, especially for occupations with a high geographic concentration of high-wage jobs. We highli...
