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作者：Sanbauer, Charles; Pan, Wei
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Methods utilizing instrumental variables have been a fundamental statistical approach to causal estimation in the presence of unmeasured confounding, usually occurring in nonrandomized observational data common to fields such as economics and public health. However, such methods traditionally make constricting linearity and additivity assumptions that are inapplicable to the complex modeling challenges of today. The growing body of observational data being collected may benefit from flexible r...
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作者：Xiao, Mengli; Chu, Haitao; Hodges, James S.; Lin, Lifeng
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Pfizer; Pfizer USA; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Arizona
摘要：For valid scientific discoveries, it is fundamental to evaluate whether research findings are replicable across different settings. While large-scale replication projects across broad research topics are not feasible, systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) offer viable alternatives to assess replicability. Due to subjective inclusion and exclusion of studies, SRMAs may contain nonreplicable study findings. However, there is no consensus on rigorous methods to assess the replicability of ...
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作者：Xiong, Danyi; Park, Seongoh; Lim, Johan; Wang, Tao; Wang, Xinlei
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Sungshin Women's University; Seoul National University (SNU); University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Arlington
摘要：In multiple instance learning (MIL), the response variable is predicted by features (or covariates) of one or more instances, which are collectively denoted as a bag. Learning the relationship between bags and instances is challenging because of the unknown and possibly complicated data generating mechanism regarding how instances contribute to the bag label. MIL has been applied to solve a variety of real -world problems, which have been mostly focused on supervised tasks, such as molecule ac...
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作者：You, Lu; Salami, Falastin; Torn, Carina; Lernmark, Ake; Tamura, Roy
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; Lund University
摘要：It is oftentimes the case in studies of disease progression that subjects can move into one of several disease states of interest. Multistate models are an indispensable tool to analyze data from such studies. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) is an observational study of at-risk children from birth to onset of type-1 diabetes (T1D) up through the age of 15. A joint model for simultaneous inference of multistate and multivariate nonparametric longitudinal data is ...
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作者：Artman, William J.; Bhattacharya, Indrabati; Ertefaie, Ashkan; Lynch, Kevin G.; Mckay, James R.; Johnson, Brent A.
作者单位：University of Rochester; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：The cyclical and heterogeneous nature of many substance use disorders highlights the need to adapt the type and/or the dose of treatment to accommodate the specific and changing needs of individuals. The Adaptive Treatment for Alcohol and Cocaine Dependence study (ENGAGE) is a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) that provided longitudinal data for constructing dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) to improve patients' engagement in therapy. However, the high rate of noncomplianc...
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作者：Bouvet, Antoine; El Kolei, Salima; Marbac, Matthieu
作者单位：Universite de Rennes; Ecole Normale Superieure de Rennes (ENS Rennes); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information (ENSAI); Universite de Rennes
摘要：Investigating technical skills of swimmers is a challenge for performance improvement that can be achieved by analyzing multivariate functional data recorded by inertial measurement units (IMU). To investigate technical levels of front -crawl swimmers, a new model -based approach is introduced to obtain two complementary partitions reflecting, for each swimmer, its swimming pattern and its ability to reproduce it. Contrary to the usual approaches for functional data clustering, the proposed ap...
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作者：Huanga, Ying; Fengb, Ziding
作者单位：Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
摘要：Cancer screening facilitates the early detection of cancer at a stage when treatment is often most effective. However, it also brings the risk of overdiagnosis, where a diagnosis made through screening would not have led to symptoms or death during the patient's lifetime. In this paper we tackle a significant unresolved issue in the evaluation of screening efficacy: selecting primary endpoints and inferential procedures that efficiently consider potential overdiagnosis in screening trials. Thi...
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作者：Goncalves, Jussiane nader; Barreto-Souza, Wagner; Ombao, Hernando
作者单位：Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; University College Dublin; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
摘要：In this paper we study the number of inpatient admissions by individuals to hospital emergency rooms reported by the 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), which the United States Agency for Health Research and Quality conducts. Explanatory variables such as health status, access, use, and costs of health services in the U.S.A. are considered. Our main goal is to properly model the number of inpatient admissions, according to the geographical U.S. regions, as a tool for measuring the vo...
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作者：Hasler, Byjill; Ma, Yanyuan; Wei, Yizheng; Parikh, Ravi; Chen, Jinbo
作者单位：Fox Chase Cancer Center; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：When using electronic health records (EHRs) for clinical and translational research, additional data is often available from external sources to enrich the information extracted from EHRs. For example, academic biobanks have more granular data available, and patient reported data is often collected through small-scale surveys. It is common that the external data is available only for a small subset of patients who have EHR information. We propose efficient and robust methods for building and e...
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作者：Zhou, Qinyi; Zuo, Chandler; Zhang, Yuannyu; Chen, Min; Xu, Jian; Shin, Sunyoung
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
摘要：Mutations in the noncoding DNA, which represents approximately 99% of the human genome, have been crucial to understanding disease mechanisms through dysregulation of disease-associated genes. One key element in gene regulation that noncoding mutations mediate is the binding of proteins to DNA sequences. Insertion and deletion of bases (InDels) are the second most common type of mutations, following single nucleotide polymorphisms, that may impact protein-DNA binding. However, no existing meth...
