20期

最新文章

• DNA lesion bypass and the stochastic dynamics of transcription- coupled repair AI翻译
  作者：Nicholson, Michael D.; Anderson, Craig J.; Odom, Duncan T.; Aitken, Sarah J.; Taylor, Martin S.
  作者单位：University of Edinburgh; University of Edinburgh; Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); University of Cambridge; Cancer Research UK; CRUK Cambridge Institute; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge
  摘要：DNA base damage is a major source of oncogenic mutations and disruption to gene expression. The stalling of RNA polymerase II (RNAP) at sites of DNA damage and the subsequent triggering of repair processes have major roles in shaping the genome - wide distribution of mutations, clearing barriers to transcription, and minimizing the production of miscoded gene products. Despite its importance for genetic integrity, key mechanistic features of this transcription - coupled repair (TCR) process ar...
• Hidden hotspots of amphibian biodiversity in China AI翻译
  作者：Xu, Wei; Wu, Yun-He; Zhou, Wei-Wei; Chen, Hong-Man; Zhang, Bao-Lin; Chen, Jin-Min; Xu, Weihua; Rao, Ding-Qi; Zhao, Haipeng; Yan, Fang; Yuan, Zhiyong; Jiang, Ke; Jin, Jie-Qiong; Hou, Mian; Zou, Dahu; Wang, Li-Jun; Zheng, Yuchi; Li, Jia-Tang; Jiang, Jianping; Zeng, Xiao-Mao; Chen, Youhua; Liao, Zi-Yan; Li, Cheng; Li, Xue-You; Gao, Wei; Wang, Kai; Zhang, Dong-Ru; Lu, Chenqi; Yin, Tingting; Ding, Zhaoli; Zhao, Gui-Gang; Cha, Jing; Zhang, Wen-Ge; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Wieng, John J.; Che, Jing
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), CAS; Henan University; Sichuan Normal University; Xizang University; Hainan Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Yunnan University; University of Arizona
  摘要：Identifying and protecting hotspots of endemism and species richness is crucial for mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. However, our understanding of spatial diversity patterns is far from complete, which severely limits our ability to conserve biodiversity hotspots. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of amphibian species diversity in China, one of the most species - rich countries on Earth. Our study combines 20 y of field surveys with new molecular analyses of 521 described spec...
• MARK2 phosphorylates KIF13A at a 14-3-3 binding site to polarize vesicular transport of transferrin receptor within dendrites AI翻译
  作者：Han, Yue; Li, Min; Zhao, Bingqing; Wang, Huichao; Liu, Yan; Liu, Zhijun; Xu, Jiaxi; Yang, Rui
  作者单位：Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Oregon Health & Science University
  摘要：Neurons regulate the microtubule - based transport of certain vesicles selectively into axons or dendrites to ensure proper polarization of function. The mechanism of this polarized vesicle transport is still not fully elucidated, though it is known to involve kinesins, which drive anterograde transport on microtubules. Here, we explore how the kinesin - 3 family member KIF13A is regulated such that vesicles containing transferrin receptor (TfR) travel only to dendrites. In experiments involvi...
• Roger Guillemin (1924 to 2024): Discoverer of brain hormones that control physiology AI翻译
  作者：Rivier, Catherine; Hunter, Tony; Evans, Ronald M.
  作者单位：Salk Institute
• Modeling direct air carbon capture and storage in a 1.5 °C climate future using historical analogs AI翻译
  作者：Edwards, Morgan R.; Thomas, Zachary H.; Nemet, Gregory F.; Rathod, Sagar; Greene, Jenna; Surana, Kavita; Kennedy, Kathleen M.; Fuhrman, Jay; Mcjeon, Haewon C.
  作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Vienna University of Economics & Business; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)
  摘要：Limiting the rise in global temperature to 1.5 degrees C will rely, in part, on technologies to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. However, many carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are in the early stages of development, and there is limited data to inform predictions of their future adoption. Here, we present an approach to model adoption of early-stage technologies such as CDR and apply it to direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS). Our approach combines empirical data on historical...
• A dopamine mechanism for reward maximization AI翻译
  作者：Schultz, Wolfram
  作者单位：University of Cambridge
  摘要：Individual survival and evolutionary selection require biological organisms to maximize reward. Economic choice theories define the necessary and sufficient conditions, and neuronal signals of decision variables provide mechanistic explanations. Reinforcement learning (RL) formalisms use predictions, actions, and policies to maximize reward. Midbrain dopamine neurons code reward prediction errors (RPE) of subjective reward value suitable for RL. Electrical and optogenetic self - stimulation ex...
• Aire mediates tolerance to insulin through thymic trimming of high- affinity T cell clones AI翻译
  作者：Smith, Jennifer A.; Yuen, Benjamin T. K.; Purtha, Whitney; Balolong, Jared M.; Phipps, Jonah D.; Crawford, Frances; Bluestone, Jeffrey A.; Kappler, John W.; Anderson, Mark S.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; National Jewish Health; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
  摘要：Insulin is a central autoantigen in the pathogenesis of T1D, and thymic epithelial cell expression of insulin under the control of the Autoimmune Regulator ( Aire ) is thought to be a key component of maintaining tolerance to insulin. In spite of this general working model, direct detection of this thymic selection on insulinspecific T cells has been somewhat elusive. Here, we used a combination of highly sensitive T cell receptor transgenic models for detecting thymic selection and sorting an...
• Reply to Chadwick et al.: Data, not definitions, drive conclusions AI翻译
  作者：Yan, Zhen; Ferry, James G.
  作者单位：Shandong University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
• Experiment aversion does generalize, but it can also be mitigated AI翻译
  作者：Vogt, Randi L.; Heck, Patrick R.; Watts, Duncan J.; Chabris, Christopher F.; Meyer, Michelle N.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
• Copper(II) coordination to the intrinsically disordered region of SARS- CoV-2 Nsp1 AI翻译
  作者：Morales, Maryann; Yang, Moon Young; Goddard, William A., III; Gray, Harry B.; Winkler, Jay R.
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology
  摘要：The intrinsically disordered C - terminal peptide region of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nonstructural protein - 1 (Nsp1 - CT) inhibits host protein synthesis by blocking messenger RNA (mRNA) access to the 40S ribosome entrance tunnel. Aqueous copper(II) ions bind to the disordered peptide with micromolar affinity, creating a possible strategy to restore protein synthesis during host infection. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and tryptophan fluorescence measurements on...