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作者：Harroud, Adil; Hafler, David A.
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; McGill University; Yale University; Yale University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
摘要：Autoimmune diseases display a high degree of comorbidity within individuals and families, suggesting shared risk factors. Over the past 15 years, genome-wide association studies have established the polygenic basis of these common conditions and revealed widespread sharing of genetic effects, indicative of a shared immunopathology. Despite ongoing challenges in determining the precise genes and molecular consequences of these risk variants, functional experiments and integration with multimoda...
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作者：Wadman, Meredith
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作者：Mikolas, Martin; Piovesan, Gianluca; Ahlstrom, Anders; Donato, Daniel C.; Gloor, Rhiannon; Hofmeister, Jenyk; Keeton, William S.; Muys, Bart; Sabatini, Francesco M.; Svoboda, Miroslav; Kuemmerle, Tobias
作者单位：Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Tuscia University; Lund University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; KU Leuven; University of Bologna; Humboldt University of Berlin
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作者：Ramsaran, Adam I.; Wang, Ying; Golbabaei, Ali; Aleshin, Stepan; de Snoo, Mitchell L.; Yeung, Bi-ru Amy; Rashid, Asim J.; Awasthi, Ankit; Lau, Jocelyn; Tran, Lina M.; Ko, Sangyoon Y.; Abegg, Andrin; Duan, Lana Chunan; McKenzie, Cory; Gallucci, Julia; Ahmed, Moriam; Kaushik, Rahul; Dityatev, Alexander; Josselyn, Sheena A.; Frankland, Paul W.
作者单位：University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Helmholtz Association; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Otto von Guericke University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Zurich; University of Zurich; University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health - Canada
摘要：The ability to form precise, episodic memories develops with age, with young children only able to form gist-like memories that lack precision. The cellular and molecular events in the developing hippocampus that underlie the emergence of precise, episodic-like memory are unclear. In mice, the absence of a competitive neuronal engram allocation process in the immature hippocampus precluded the formation of sparse engrams and precise memories until the fourth postnatal week, when inhibitory cir...
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作者：Zhang, Xiaoyu; Fitez, Grant; Subzwari, Shayaan; Bingham, Nicholas S.; Chioar, Ioan-Augustin; Saglam, Hilal; Ramberger, Justin; Leighton, Chris; Nisoli, Cristiano; Schiffer, Peter
作者单位：Yale University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Yale University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono
摘要：Ergodic kinetics, which are critical to equilibrium thermodynamics, can be constrained by a system's topology. We studied a model nanomagnetic array in which such constraints visibly affect the behavior of the magnetic moments. In this system, magnetic excitations connect into thermally active one-dimensional strings whose motion can be imaged in real time. At high temperatures, our data showed the merging, breaking, and reconnecting of strings, resulting in the system transitioning between to...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Flaxman, Seth; Kasonka, Lackson; Cluver, Lucie; Souza, Andrea Santos; Nelson Iii, Charles A.; Blenkinsop, Alexandra; Unwin, H. Juliette T.; Hillis, Susan
作者单位：University of Oxford; Harvard University; Imperial College London
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作者：Ellis, Erle C.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
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作者：Saurer, Martin; Leibundgut, Marc; Nadimpalli, Hima Priyanka; Scaiola, Alain; Schonhut, Tanja; Lee, Richard G.; Siira, Stefan J.; Rackham, Oliver; Dreos, Rene; Lenarcic, Tea; Kummer, Eva; Gatfield, David; Filipovska, Aleksandra; Ban, Nenad
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Lausanne; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; University of Western Australia; Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre; University of Western Australia; University of Western Australia; Perth Childrens Hospital; The Kids Research Institute Australia; Curtin University
摘要：The genetic code that specifies the identity of amino acids incorporated into proteins during protein synthesis is almost universally conserved. Mitochondrial genomes feature deviations from the standard genetic code, including the reassignment of two arginine codons to stop codons. The protein required for translation termination at these noncanonical stop codons to release the newly synthesized polypeptides is not currently known. In this study, we used gene editing and ribosomal profiling i...
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作者：Brown, Chrysothemis C.; Rudensky, Alexander Y.
作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
摘要：The incomplete removal of T cells that are reactive against self-proteins during their differentiation in the thymus requires mechanisms of tolerance that prevent their effector function within the periphery. A further challenge is imposed by the need to establish tolerance to the holobiont self, which comprises a highly complex community of commensal microorganisms. Here, we review recent advances in the investigation of peripheral T cell tolerance, focusing on new insights into mechanisms of...
