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作者：Sheng, Fang; Gao, Yu; Wang, Yaping; Li, Yang; Zhang, Ji - Ao; Zhang, Zhaoheng; Qin, Xinyan; Zhang, Shujuan; Song, Wen; Li, Jigang; Guo, Yan; Friml, Jiri; Gong, Zhizhong; Zhang, Qun; Zhang, Jing
作者单位：China Agricultural University; Naval Medical University; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, CAAS; Nanjing Agricultural University; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; Hebei University
摘要：Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes, with root gravitropism playing a pivotal role in nutrient and water acquisition. Our study reveals that SnRK2 kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3) are critical regulators of root gravitropism through their direct phosphorylation of the auxin transporter PIN2 at S259. We demonstrate that SnRK2s- mediated phosphorylation modulates both the polar localization and transport PID, which phosphorylates PIN2 at a distinct site (S...
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作者：Tiruthani, Karthik; Card, Madison P.; Wolf, Whitney; Shen, Limei; Schaefer, Alison; Fritz, Marshall; Okuda, Kenichi; Harkema, Jack R.; Mousa, Jarrod J.; Pickles, Raymond J.; Lai, Samuel K.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Michigan State University; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a frequent cause of acute respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. No vaccines or treatments are currently available beyond supportive care. Building on our previous work with parainfluenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus, we investigate the pattern of hMPV infection and spread in polarized and well- differentiated cultures of human airway epithelium (WD- HAE). We found productive infection of WD- HAE requires apical ino...
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作者：Fountain, Adam J.; Bohning, Jan; McLaughlin, Stephen H.; Morgan, Tomos E.; Edelstein, Paul H.; Troll, Mark; Lamers, Meindert H.; Bharat, Tanmay A. M.; Luisi, Ben F.; Ramakrishnan, Lalita
作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
摘要：Bedaquiline, an antitubercular drug that targets ATP-synthase, is a key component of a new oral drug regimen that has revolutionized the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clinical bedaquiline resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has rapidly emerged, primarily due to mutations in the transcriptional repressor Rv0678 that result in upregulation of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump MmpS5/ MmpL5 (MmpS5L5). Here, to understand how MmpS5L5 effluxes bedaquiline, we...
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作者：Marlott, Alexander; Pagnier, Adrien; Shepard, Eric M.; Balci, Batuhan; Teye, Abraham; Warui, Douglas M.; Yang, Hao; Drena, Alex; Booker, Squire J.; Hoffman, Brian M.; Broderick, William E.; Broderick, Joan B.
作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Northwestern University
摘要：The [FeFe]- hydrogenase employs an active-site 6Fe H-cluster to catalyze the reversible reduction of protons to H2. A [4Fe-4S] subcluster of the H-cluster is synthesized by housekeeping iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery, and then dedicated hydrogenase maturation enzymes, together with components of the glycine cleavage system, build and deliver a [2Fe] subcluster to generate the full H-cluster. Here, we report that the Escherichia coli iron-sulfur carrier protein NfuA supports in vitro ma...
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作者：Cao, Zhenqiu; Zhang, Hongjiu; Zou, Zhengting
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Convergent evolution, or convergence, refers to repeated, independent emergences of the same trait in two or more lineages of species during evolution, often indicating functional adaptation to specific environmental factors. Many computational methods have been proposed to investigate the genetic basis for organismal functional convergence, as an important way to decode the complex sequence-function map of proteins. These methods mostly focus on the convergence of amino acid states at the lev...
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作者：Card, Kyle J.; Crozier, Dena; Durmaz, Arda; Gray, Jason; Creary, Justin; Stocks, Amira; Maltas, Jeff; Bonomo, Robert A.; Burke, Zachary D. C.; Scott, Jacob G.
作者单位：Cleveland Clinic Foundation; University System of Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Case Western Reserve University; Washington University (WUSTL); University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Clinic Foundation
摘要：Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is typically treated empirically with vancomycin, with therapy later tailored based on susceptibility results. However, these tests occur before vancomycin exposure and do not account for adaptation during empiric treatment that can alter S. aureus' susceptibility to first-line drugs. To investigate these collateral drug responses, we experimentally evolved 18 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) populations under increasing vancomycin concentrations until ...
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作者：Mann, Adam
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作者：Millholland, Sarah C.; Winn, Joshua N.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Princeton University
摘要：Although nearly 6,000 exoplanets are currently known, in most cases, our knowledge is limited to a handful of the planet's orbital characteristics and bulk properties such as radius and mass. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) can expand our knowledge not only by probing exoplanet atmospheres but also by measuring additional orbital and physical properties of exoplanets, thanks to its superior light-gathering power and measurement precision. Here, we describe the potential of JWST to unveil...
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作者：Ren, Xiaokang; Song, Xiaowei; Lyu, Lecheng; Chen, Michael W.; Zare, Richard N.; Dai, Yifan
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Stanford University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Compartmentalization and chemical reactivity serve as the key elements driving prebiotic chemistry for evolution and selection. However, the potential coupling of compartmentalization chemistry with the intrinsic chemical activity of prebiotic compartments remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that anion-1t interactions, which are largely overlooked in the chemistry of phase transition, can drive the formation of micron-sized assemblies. These structures further recruit cations to f...
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作者：Wang, Chuanxi; Cheng, Bingxu; Xiao, Zhenggao; Ji, Yahui; Zhang, Jiangshan; Zhou, Rongxin; Yuan, Xian - Zheng; Kah, Melanie; Wang, Zhenyu; Xing, Baoshan
作者单位：Jiangnan University; Jiangnan University; Shandong University; University of Auckland; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production can reduce fertilizer input, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and decrease water pollution incidence. However, improving NUE in farming systems without compromising food security remains challenging. Herein, we have successfully developed and applied selenium-based nanotechnology, which capitalizes on above-and belowground synergies to enhance field-scale NUE. Specifically, when N fertilizer application was reduced by 30%, fol...
