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作者：Zhang, Ning; Liu, Lu; Li, Songgang; Wei, Yuhui; Ren, Wanting; Li, Mengyao; Zhao, Simin; Sun, Zhipeng; Yang, Xia; Ren, Yan; Yang, Mei; He, Guangming; Deng, Xing Wang; Chen, Feng
作者单位：Henan Agricultural University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases in common wheat and has caused major wheat yield losses worldwide. Here, we identified an 18.6 kDa heat shock protein gene (TaHSP18.6) through combining a transcriptome analysis and a genome-wide association study. We verified the positive role of TaHSP18.6 in regulating wheat FCR resistance using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants and genetic transformation. Next, we screened a lysine deacetylase sirtuin-like (TaSRT1) t...
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作者：Izuma, Keise; Kakinuma, Kyosuke
作者单位：Kochi University Technology; Kochi University Technology; University of Southampton; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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作者：Guo, Weijie; Huang, Sihao; Shao, Xiangli; Wu, Yuting; Ma, Yuan; Lu, Shuya; Ren, Hanlin; Zhou, Xuening; Yang, Zhenglin; Lyu, Mingkuan; Liu, Yiwei; Gordon, Vernita; Brodbelt, Jennifer S.; Pan, Tao; Lu, Yi
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Chicago; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to neutralize infections, a process that also contributes to immunothrombosis. While beneficial in localized infections, excessive NET formation can lead to widespread coagulopathy and organ failure. While the roles of NET-associated proteins such as histones in immunothrombosis are well characterized, NET-derived DNAs are much less known. To address this issue, we report herein the direct interaction between thrombin and DNA scaffolds ...
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作者：Boundy-Singer, Zoe M.; Ziemba, Corey M.; Goris, Robbe L. T.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI)
摘要：Perception is fallible. Humans know this, and so do some nonhuman animals like macaque monkeys. When monkeys report more confidence in a perceptual decision, that decision is more likely to be correct. It is not known how neural circuits in the primate brain assess the quality of perceptual decisions. Here, we test two hypotheses. First, that decision confidence is related to the structure of population activity in the sensory cortex. And second, that this relation differs from the one between...
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作者：Chakraborty, Saikat; Wang, Shuze; Ruhala, Jack; Mehling, Brett; Liu, Jie; Waldhaus, Joerg
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen that contributes to inner ear development. Gain and loss of function experiments have indicated retinoic acid's critical role in cochlear hair cell development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we hypothesized that RA receptor alpha (RARA) has a dual role in cochlear organogenesis: First, during embryonic development, in the presence of RA, RARA functions as a transcriptional activator that induces prosensory gene expression in p...
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作者：Ittonen, Mats; Nielsen, Matthew E.; Siemers, Isabelle; Friberg, Magne; Gotthard, Karl
作者单位：University of Tartu; Stockholm University; Stockholm University; University of Bremen; Lund University
摘要：Climate change pushes species toward higher latitudes and altitudes, but the proximate drivers of range expansions vary, and it is unclear whether evolution facilitates climate change-induced range changes. In a temporally replicated field experiment, we trans-located wall brown butterflies (Lasiommata megera) descending from range interior and range margin populations to sites at 1) the range interior, 2) the range margin, and 3) beyond the current northern range edge. Thereby, we tested for ...
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作者：Kochanowsky, Joshua A.; Betts, Emma L.; Encinas, Gabriel; Amoah, Johnson; Johnson, Patricia J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Arizona
摘要：Trichomonas vaginalis is a common, extracellular, sexually transmitted parasite which is often found in symbiosis with the intracellular bacterium Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), an opportunistic pathogen of the female reproductive tract. How this symbiosis affects infection outcomes and the host cell innate immune response is poorly understood. Here, we show that infection with T. vaginalis in symbiosis with M. hominis or M. hominis alone triggers a noncanonical type I interferon, interferon-epsilon...
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作者：Liu, Wenfeng; Fu, Zhonghao; Vliet, Michelle T. H. van; Davis, Kyle Frankel; Ciais, Philippe; Bao, Yuzhuang; Bai, Yawei; Du, Taisheng; Kang, Shaozhong; Yin, Zun; Fang, Yu; Wada, Yoshihide
作者单位：China Agricultural University; China Agricultural University; Utrecht University; University of Delaware; University of Delaware; Universite Paris Saclay; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; Princeton University; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA
摘要：Freshwater resources are fundamental to supporting humanity, and measures of water scarcity have been critical for identifying where water requirements and water availability are imbalanced. Existing water scarcity metrics typically account for blue water withdrawals (i.e., from surface-/groundwater), while the contribution of green water (i.e., soil moisture) and water quality-dimensions with important implications for multiple societal sectors-to water scarcity remains unclear. Here, we intr...
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作者：Moresco, Philip; Kastan, Jonathan P.; Yang, Jung- in; Prabakar, Rishvanth; Kelley, Larkin; Minicozzi, Francesca; Adams, Dexter W.; Cifani, Paolo; Tuveson, David A.; Fearon, Douglas T.
作者单位：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University Hospital; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：The exclusion of T cells causes immune escape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). T cell exclusion is mediated by the interaction between CXCR4 on T cells and its ligand, CXCL12, which is complexed to keratin-19 (KRT19) on the surface of PDA cells. KRT19 secretion by PDA cells is essential to this process but is unusual because KRT19 lacks an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-directing signal peptide (SP). By using biotinylation by an ER-restricted TurboID system and a split-GFP assay in PDA c...
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作者：Beaudet, Amelie; Wood, Bernard
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Poitiers; University of Cambridge; University of Witwatersrand
摘要：Ralph Holloway pioneered and developed the field of hominin paleoneurology. Although Holloway's undergraduate degrees were in metallurgical engineering and geology, at graduate school his interests switched to the brain. Holloway and his graduate students explored many aspects of the macro- and microstructure of the brain of extant primates but he focused on the recent evolutionary history of the human brain. The infant skull of the first African early hominin discovered at Taungs by Raymond D...
