2024

最新文章

• Variance sum rule for entropy production AI翻译
  作者：Di Terlizzi, I.; Gironella, M.; Herraez-Aguilar, D.; Betz, T.; Monroy, F.; Baiesi, M.; Ritort, F.
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Padua; University of Barcelona; University of Gothenburg; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen; Complutense University of Madrid; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); University of Barcelona
  摘要：Entropy production is the hallmark of nonequilibrium physics, quantifying irreversibility, dissipation, and the efficiency of energy transduction processes. Despite many efforts, its measurement at the nanoscale remains challenging. We introduce a variance sum rule (VSR) for displacement and force variances that permits us to measure the entropy production rate sigma in nonequilibrium steady states. We first illustrate it for directly measurable forces, such as an active Brownian particle in a...
• Native architecture of a human GBP1 defense complex for cell-autonomous immunity to infection AI翻译
  作者：Zhu, Shiwei; Bradfield, Clinton J.; Maminska, Agnieszka; Park, Eui-Soon; Kim, Bae-Hoon; Kumar, Pradeep; Huang, Shuai; Kim, Minjeong; Zhang, Yongdeng; Bewersdorf, Joerg; MacMicking, John D.
  作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University
  摘要：INTRODUCTION The compartmentalized landscape of eukaryotic cells offers a wide variety of intracellular niches for microbial pathogens to hide and replicate. Consequently, eukaryotes have evolved compartment-specific immune surveillance mechanisms that alert the host to infection and recruit antimicrobial proteins that help bring microbial replication under control. Many of these host defense proteins form giant macromolecular complexes when encountering either pathogens or their products to a...
• Alabama IVF ruling may halt uterus transplants AI翻译
  作者：Wadman, Meredith
  摘要：Scientists fear wider research impacts if other states label frozen embryos children
• Touch sensation requires the mechanically gated ion channel ELKIN1 AI翻译
  作者：Chakrabarti, Sampurna; Klich, Jasmin D.; Khallaf, Mohammed A.; Hulme, Amy J.; Sanchez-Carranza, Oscar; Baran, Zuzanna M.; Rossi, Alice; Huang, Angela Tzu-Lun; Pohl, Tobias; Fleischer, Raluca; Fuerst, Carina; Hammes, Annette; Begay, Valerie; Hoernberg, Hanna; Finol-Urdaneta, Rocio K.; Poole, Kate; Dottori, Mirella; Lewin, Gary R.
  作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Assiut University; University of Wollongong; Helmholtz Association; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine; Helmholtz Association; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of New South Wales Sydney; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin
  摘要：Touch perception is enabled by mechanically activated ion channels, the opening of which excites cutaneous sensory endings to initiate sensation. In this study, we identify ELKIN1 as an ion channel likely gated by mechanical force, necessary for normal touch sensitivity in mice. Touch insensitivity in Elkin1(-/-) mice was caused by a loss of mechanically activated currents (MA currents) in around half of all sensory neurons activated by light touch (low-threshold mechanoreceptors). Reintroduct...
• Defective pollen tube tip growth induces neo-polyploid infertility AI翻译
  作者：Westermann, Jens; Srikant, Thanvi; Gonzalo, Adrian; Tan, Hui San; Bomblies, Kirsten
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
  摘要：Genome duplication (generating polyploids) is an engine of novelty in eukaryotic evolution and a promising crop improvement tool. Yet newly formed polyploids often have low fertility. Here we report that a severe fertility-compromising defect in pollen tube tip growth arises in new polyploids of Arabidopsis arenosa. Pollen tubes of newly polyploid A. arenosa grow slowly, have aberrant anatomy and disrupted physiology, often burst prematurely, and have altered gene expression. These phenotypes ...
• Meat from gene-edited pigs could hit the market AI翻译
  作者：Cohen, Jon
  摘要：United States and other countries may soon approve virus-proof pigs
• World's cholera vaccine stash is empty-but relief is on its way AI翻译
  作者：Pawar, Pratik
  摘要：A dramatic shortage of the oral vaccine may ease in the years ahead as more companies enter the market
• Tandem modules get better AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Cong; Zhao, Dewei
  作者单位：Sichuan University; Sichuan University
  摘要：An all-perovskite tandem solar module breaks 24% efficiency
• Prebiotically plausible chemoselective pantetheine synthesis in water AI翻译
  作者：Fairchild, Jasper; Islam, Saidul; Singh, Jyoti; Bucar, Dejan-Kresimir; Powner, Matthew W.
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; King's College London; University of London; King's College London
  摘要：Coenzyme A (CoA) is essential to all life on Earth, and its functional subunit, pantetheine, is important in many origin-of-life scenarios, but how pantetheine emerged on the early Earth remains a mystery. Earlier attempts to selectively synthesize pantetheine failed, leading to suggestions that simpler thiols must have preceded pantetheine at the origin of life. In this work, we report high-yielding and selective prebiotic syntheses of pantetheine in water. Chemoselective multicomponent aldol...
• Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A AI翻译
  作者：Fransson, C.; Barlow, M. J.; Kavanagh, P. J.; Larsson, J.; Jones, O. C.; Sargent, B.; Meixner, M.; Bouchet, P.; Temim, T.; Wright, G. S.; Blommaert, J. A. D. L.; Habel, N.; Hirschauer, A. S.; Hjorth, J.; Lenkic, L.; Tikkanen, T.; Wesson, R.; Coulais, A.; Fox, O. D.; Gastaud, R.; Glasse, A.; Jaspers, J.; Krause, O.; Lau, R. M.; Nayak, O.; Rest, A.; Colina, L.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Guedel, M.; Henning, Th.; Lagage, P. -o.; Ostlin, G.; Ray, T. P.; Vandenbussche, B.
  作者单位：Oskar Klein Centre; Stockholm University; University of London; University College London; Maynooth University; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies; Oskar Klein Centre; Royal Institute of Technology; University of Edinburgh; Space Telescope Science Institute; Johns Hopkins University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Saclay; Princeton University; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; University of Copenhagen; Niels Bohr Institute; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; Universities Space Research Association (USRA); University of Leicester; Cardiff University; Universite PSL; Observatoire de Paris; Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Saclay; Max Planck Society; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA); Max Planck Society; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of Vienna; KU Leuven
  摘要：The nearby Supernova 1987A was accompanied by a burst of neutrino emission, which indicates that a compact object (a neutron star or black hole) was formed in the explosion. There has been no direct observation of this compact object. In this work, we observe the supernova remnant with JWST spectroscopy, finding narrow infrared emission lines of argon and sulfur. The line emission is spatially unresolved and blueshifted in velocity relative to the supernova rest frame. We interpret the lines a...