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作者：Bains, Amreen K.; Sau, Arindam; Portela, Brandon S.; Kajal, Kajal; Green, Alexander R.; Wolff, Anna M.; Patin, Ludovic F.; Paton, Robert S.; Damrauer, Niels H.; Miyake, Garret M.
作者单位：Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Photoredox catalysis driven by visible light has improved chemical synthesis by enabling milder reaction conditions and unlocking distinct reaction mechanisms. Despite the transformative impact, visible-light photoredox catalysis remains constrained by the thermodynamic limits of photon energy and inefficiencies arising from unproductive back electron transfer, both of which become particularly pronounced in thermodynamically demanding reactions. In this work, we introduce an organic photoredo...
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作者：Thompson, Valerie
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作者：Downs, Cooper; Linker, Jon A.; Caplan, Ronald M.; Mason, Emily I.; Riley, Pete; Davidson, Ryder; Reyes, Andres; Palmerio, Erika; Lionello, Roberto; Turtle, James; Ben-Nun, Michal; Stulajter, Miko M.; Titov, Viacheslav S.; Toeroek, Tibor; Upton, Lisa A.; Attie, Raphael; Jha, Bibhuti K.; Arge, Charles N.; Henney, Carl J.; Valori, Gherardo; Strecker, Hanna; Calchetti, Daniele; Germerott, Dietmar; Hirzberger, Johann; Suarez, David Orozco; Rodriguez, Julian Blanco; Solanki, Sami K.; Cheng, Xin; Wu, Sizhe
作者单位：Southwest Research Institute; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; George Mason University; United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; Max Planck Society; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA); University of Valencia; Nanjing University
摘要：The Sun's corona is its tenuous outer atmosphere of hot plasma, which is difficult to observe. Most models of the corona extrapolate its magnetic field from that measured on the photosphere (the Sun's optical surface) over a full 27-day solar rotational period, providing a time-stationary approximation. We present a model of the corona that evolves continuously in time, by assimilating photospheric magnetic field observations as they become available. This approach reproduces dynamical feature...
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作者：Zhao, Haipeng; Manizza, Manfredi; Lozier, M. Susan; Cassar, Nicolas
作者单位：Duke University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：Although the global greening associated with climate change is well documented on land, similar trends in the ocean have not been thoroughly identified. Using satellite observations of ocean chlorophyll a (Chl) concentration, we show that the surface ocean experienced a poleward greening from 2003 to 2022. Contemporaneously, the subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere experienced a decrease in Chl. As such, the latitudinal disparity in Chl, as documented by an inequality index, has been...
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作者：Kupferschmidt, Kai
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作者：Yu, Bin; Yue, Yuxuan; Ren, Chi; Yun, Rui; Lim, Byungkook; Komiyama, Takaki
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：The brain's ability to prioritize sensory information is crucial for adaptive behavior, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated basal forebrain cholinergic neurons modulating olfactory bulb (OB) circuits in mice. The activity of cholinergic feedback axons in OB correlated with orofacial movements, with little responses to passively experienced odors. When mice engaged in an olfactory task, OB cholinergic axons rapidly shifted their response patterns from movement correlated to odor ...
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作者：Allen, Karen; Armentrout, Peter B.; Berkman, Clifford; Boxer, Steven G.; Burkart, Michael; Canary, James W.; Castellano, Ronald K.; Columbus, Linda; DeRose, Victoria J.; Fairbrother, Howard; Ferguson, Gregory S.; Foley, Joe; Haynes, Christy; Heemstra, Jennifer M.; Jaekle, Frieder; Knappenberger, Kenneth; Kong, Wei; Kaufman, Laura J.; Lambert, Tristan H.; Lin, Yu-Shan; Liu, Haitao; Metz, Ricardo; Morris, Amanda; Murphy, Catherine J.; Peczuh, Mark; Pennington, William; Pojman, John A.; Reisman, Sarah; Shores, Matthew; Spokoyny, Alexander M.; Szulczewski, Greg; Van Voorhis, Troy; Warren, Timothy H.; Wang, Lai-Sheng; Wysocki, Vicki; Zhang, Jin
作者单位：Boston University; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Washington State University; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; New York University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Virginia; University of Oregon; Johns Hopkins University; Lehigh University; Drexel University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Washington University (WUSTL); Rutgers University System; Rutgers University Newark; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Oregon State University; Columbia University; Cornell University; Tufts University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Connecticut; Clemson University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; California Institute of Technology; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Michigan State University; Brown University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
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作者：Enserink, Martin; Wadman, Meredith
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作者：Papp, Anna; Oremus, Kimberly L.
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Delaware; University of Delaware; University of Delaware
摘要：Plastic pollution threatens marine and freshwater ecosystems and the services they provide. Although plastic bag bans and taxes are increasingly implemented worldwide, their effectiveness in reducing plastic litter remains unknown. Leveraging the patchwork of bag policies across different geographic scales in the United States and citizen science data on 45,067 shoreline cleanups, we assess the impact of these policies on plastic bag litter. We find that plastic bag policies lead to a 25 to 47...
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作者：Zhang, Hao; Luo, Lei; Liang, Qiaoyi; Tian, Lifeng; Shao, Yong; Zhang, Xiuping; Cao, Kaixun; Luo, Anna; Wang, Chengsan; Kamau, Peter Muiruri; Wu, Dong-Dong; Baldwin, Maude W.; Lai, Ren
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Taste is crucial in shaping animal perception. Sourness, one of the primary tastes, is aversive in mammals, whereas many birds frequently consume acidic fruits, suggesting a potential tolerance. Our study uncovers a mechanism enabling avian sour tolerance that involves changes to the sour receptor [otopetrin 1 (OTOP1)]. We demonstrate that sour tolerance is a conserved trait in birds, with avian OTOP1 exhibiting acid-induced inhibition and OTOP1 modulation affecting sour perception and toleran...
