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作者：Hartmann, Marcus D.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
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作者：Schuster, Thomas; Haferkamp, Jonas; Huang, Hsin-Yuan
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; Saarland University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Random unitaries are central to quantum technologies and the study of complex quantum many-body physics. However, existing protocols for generating random unitaries require long evolution times and deep circuits. In this work, we prove that local quantum circuits can form random unitaries in extremely low depth on any geometry. These shallow circuits have low complexity and create only short-range correlations, yet are indistinguishable from random unitaries with exponential complexity. This f...
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作者：Chen, Fu
作者单位：Hohai University
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作者：Large, Christopher R. L.; Khanal, Rupa; Hillier, LaDeana; Huynh, Chau; Kubo, Connor; Kim, Junhyong; Waterston, Robert H.; Murray, John I.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：The constraints that govern the evolution of gene expression patterns across development remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing can detail these constraints by systematically profiling homologous cells. The conserved invariant embryonic lineage of Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae makes them ideal for comparing cell type gene expression across evolution. Measuring the spatiotemporal divergence of gene expression across embryogenesis, we find a high level of similarity in gene expressi...
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作者：Rowland, Hannah M.; Schneider, Eve R.
作者单位：University of Liverpool; University of Kentucky
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作者：Bernacchi, Carl J.; Long, Stephen P.; Ort, Donald R.
作者单位：United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Continued greenhouse gas emissions will accelerate global warming and intensity of heat waves, which already harm crop productivity. From the stability of key enzymes to canopy processes, photosynthesis is affected by temperature. All crops suffer declines in photosynthetic rate when temperatures cross critical thresholds, with irreversible losses typically occurring above 40 degrees to 45 degrees C. Protective measures within plants can be induced by growth at elevated temperatures but not fr...
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作者：Laine, Anna-Liisa; Leino, Sara
作者单位：University of Helsinki
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作者：Cho, Adrian
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作者：DeMartino, George F.
作者单位：University of Denver
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作者：Thorp, H. Holden
