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作者：Edens, Brittany M.; Stundl, Jan; Urrutia, Hugo A.; Bronner, Marianne E.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice
摘要：The neural crest is an embryonic stem cell population unique to vertebrates(1) whose expansion and diversification are thought to have promoted vertebrate evolution by enabling emergence of new cell types and structures such as jaws and peripheral ganglia(2). Although jawless vertebrates have sensory ganglia, convention has it that trunk sympathetic chain ganglia arose only in jawed vertebrates(3-8). Here, by contrast, we report the presence of trunk sympathetic neurons in the sea lamprey, Pet...
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作者：Li, Shaofeng; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Fu, Xianbiao; Pedersen, Jakob B.; Saccoccio, Mattia; Andersen, Suzanne Z.; Enemark-Rasmussen, Kasper; Kempen, Paul J.; Damsgaard, Christian Danvad; Xu, Aoni; Sazinas, Rokas; Mygind, Jon Bjarke Valbaek; Deissler, Niklas H.; Kibsgaard, Jakob; Vesborg, Peter C. K.; Norskov, Jens K.; Chorkendorff, Ib
作者单位：Technical University of Denmark; Technical University of Denmark; Technical University of Denmark
摘要：Ammonia is crucial as a fertilizer and in the chemical industry and is considered to be a carbon-free fuel1. Ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrogen under ambient conditions offers an attractive alternative to the Haber-Bosch process2,3, and lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction represents a promising approach to continuous-flow ammonia electrosynthesis, coupling nitrogen reduction with hydrogen oxidation4. However, tetrahydrofuran, which is commonly used as a solvent, impedes long-term ammonia p...
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作者：Looser, Tobias J.; D'Eugenio, Francesco; Maiolino, Roberto; Witstok, Joris; Sandles, Lester; Curtis-Lake, Emma; Chevallard, Jacopo; Tacchella, Sandro; Johnson, Benjamin D.; Baker, William M.; Suess, Katherine A.; Carniani, Stefano; Ferruit, Pierre; Arribas, Santiago; Bonaventura, Nina; Bunker, Andrew J.; Cameron, Alex J.; Charlot, Stephane; Curti, Mirko; de Graaff, Anna; Maseda, Michael V.; Rawle, Tim; Rix, Hans-Walter; Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez; Smit, Renske; Ubler, Hannah; Willott, Chris; Alberts, Stacey; Egami, Eiichi; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Endsley, Ryan; Hausen, Ryan; Rieke, Marcia; Robertson, Brant; Shivaei, Irene; Williams, Christina C.; Boyett, Kristan; Chen, Zuyi; Ji, Zhiyuan; Jones, Gareth C.; Kumari, Nimisha; Nelson, Erica; Perna, Michele; Saxena, Aayush; Scholtz, Jan
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of London; University College London; University of Hertfordshire; University of Oxford; Harvard University; Smithsonian Institution; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Stanford University; Stanford University; Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa; European Space Agency; European Space Astronomy Center; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA); University of Copenhagen; Niels Bohr Institute; Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); European Southern Observatory; Max Planck Society; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Space Telescope Science Institute; Liverpool John Moores University; National Research Council Canada; University of Arizona; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Johns Hopkins University; University of Melbourne; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Local and low-redshift (z < 3) galaxies are known to broadly follow a bimodal distribution: actively star-forming galaxies with relatively stable star-formation rates and passive systems. These two populations are connected by galaxies in relatively slow transition. By contrast, theory predicts that star formation was stochastic at early cosmic times and in low-mass systems(1,2,3,4). These galaxies transitioned rapidly between starburst episodes and phases of suppressed star formation, potenti...
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作者：Logsdon, Glennis A.; Rozanski, Allison N.; Ryabov, Fedor; Potapova, Tamara; Shepelev, Valery A.; Catacchio, Claudia R.; Porubsky, David; Mao, Yafei; Yoo, Dongahn; Rautiainen, Mikko; Koren, Sergey; Nurk, Sergey; Lucas, Julian K.; Hoekzema, Kendra; Munson, Katherine M.; Gerton, Jennifer L.; Phillippy, Adam M.; Ventura, Mario; Alexandrov, Ivan A.; Eichler, Evan E.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Stowers Institute for Medical Research; Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Pennsylvania; University of Helsinki; Oxford Nanopore Technologies
摘要：Human centromeres have been traditionally very difficult to sequence and assemble owing to their repetitive nature and large size(1). As a result, patterns of human centromeric variation and models for their evolution and function remain incomplete, despite centromeres being among the most rapidly mutating regions(2,3). Here, using long-read sequencing, we completely sequenced and assembled all centromeres from a second human genome and compared it to the finished reference genome(4,5). We fin...
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作者：Lacher, Sebastian B.; Doerr, Janina; de Almeida, Gustavo P.; Hoenninger, Julian; Bayerl, Felix; Hirschberger, Anna; Pedde, Anna-Marie; Meiser, Philippa; Ramsauer, Lukas; Rudolph, Thomas J.; Spranger, Nadine; Morotti, Matteo; Grimm, Alizee J.; Jarosch, Sebastian; Oner, Arman; Gregor, Lisa; Lesch, Stefanie; Michaelides, Stefanos; Fertig, Luisa; Briukhovetska, Daria; Majed, Lina; Stock, Sophia; Busch, Dirk H.; Buchholz, Veit R.; Knolle, Percy A.; Zehn, Dietmar; Dangaj Laniti, Denarda; Kobold, Sebastian; Boettcher, Jan P.
作者单位：Technical University of Munich; University of Munich; University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; University of Lausanne; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; University of Lausanne; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV); University of Munich; Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); University of Munich; Boehringer Ingelheim
摘要：Cancer-specific TCF1(+) stem-like CD8(+) T cells can drive protective anticancer immunity through expansion and effector cell differentiation(1,2,3,4); however, this response is dysfunctional in tumours. Current cancer immunotherapies(2,5,6,7,8,9) can promote anticancer responses through TCF1(+) stem-like CD8(+) T cells in some but not all patients. This variation points towards currently ill-defined mechanisms that limit TCF1(+)CD8(+) T cell-mediated anticancer immunity. Here we demonstrate t...
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作者：Gomes, Joao Victor; Singh-Bhagania, Shivinder; Cenci, Matthew; Cordon, Carlos Chacon; Singh, Manjodh; Butterwick, Joel A.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Animals crave sugars because of their energy potential and the pleasurable sensation of tasting sweetness. Yet all sugars are not metabolically equivalent, requiring mechanisms to detect and differentiate between chemically similar sweet substances. Insects use a family of ionotropic gustatory receptors to discriminate sugars 1 , each of which is selectively activated by specific sweet molecules 2-6 . Here, to gain insight into the molecular basis of sugar selectivity, we determined structures...
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作者：Wang, Li; Qi, Jiajie; Wei, Wenya; Wu, Mengqi; Zhang, Zhibin; Li, Xiaomin; Sun, Huacong; Guo, Quanlin; Cao, Meng; Wang, Qinghe; Zhao, Chao; Sheng, Yuxuan; Liu, Zhetong; Liu, Can; Wu, Muhong; Xu, Zhi; Wang, Wenlong; Hong, Hao; Gao, Peng; Wu, Menghao; Wang, Zhu-Jun; Xu, Xiaozhi; Wang, Enge; Ding, Feng; Zheng, Xiaorui; Liu, Kaihui; Bai, Xuedong
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physics, CAS; Peking University; South China Normal University; Westlake University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Peking University; Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter; Renmin University of China; Peking University; Peking University; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory; ShanghaiTech University
摘要：Within the family of two-dimensional dielectrics, rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN) is considerably promising owing to having not only the superior properties of hexagonal boron nitride1-4-including low permittivity and dissipation, strong electrical insulation, good chemical stability, high thermal conductivity and atomic flatness without dangling bonds-but also useful optical nonlinearity and interfacial ferroelectricity originating from the broken in-plane and out-of-plane centrosymmetry5-23...
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作者：Neyens, Samuel; Zietz, Otto K.; Watson, Thomas F.; Luthi, Florian; Nethwewala, Aditi; George, Hubert C.; Henry, Eric; Islam, Mohammad; Wagner, Andrew J.; Borjans, Felix; Connors, Elliot J.; Corrigan, J.; Curry, Matthew J.; Keith, Daniel; Kotlyar, Roza; Lampert, Lester F.; Madzik, Mateusz T.; Millard, Kent; Mohiyaddin, Fahd A.; Pellerano, Stefano; Pillarisetty, Ravi; Ramsey, Mick; Savytskyy, Rostyslav; Schaal, Simon; Zheng, Guoji; Ziegler, Joshua; Bishop, Nathaniel C.; Bojarski, Stephanie; Roberts, Jeanette; Clarke, James S.
作者单位：Intel Corporation; Intel USA
摘要：Building a fault-tolerant quantum computer will require vast numbers of physical qubits. For qubit technologies based on solid-state electronic devices 1-3 , integrating millions of qubits in a single processor will require device fabrication to reach a scale comparable to that of the modern complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) industry. Equally important, the scale of cryogenic device testing must keep pace to enable efficient device screening and to improve statistical metrics such...
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作者：Fianu, Isaac; Ochmann, Moritz; Walshe, James L.; Dybkov, Olexandr; Cruz, Joseph Neos; Urlaub, Henning; Cramer, Patrick
作者单位：University of Gottingen; UNIVERSITY GOTTINGEN HOSPITAL; University of Gottingen
摘要：The Integrator complex can terminate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in the promoter-proximal region of genes. Previous work has shed light on how Integrator binds to the paused elongation complex consisting of Pol II, the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) and the negative elongation factor (NELF) and how it cleaves the nascent RNA transcript 1 , but has not explained how Integrator removes Pol II from the DNA template. Here we present three cryo-electron microscopy structures of the complete ...
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作者：Kyriacou, Charalambos P.
作者单位：University of Leicester
