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作者：Dance, Amber
摘要：Scientists have more information than ever on how cells differ - but they still resist easy grouping. Scientists have more information than ever on how cells differ - but they still resist easy grouping.
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作者：Kimmelman, Jonathan
作者单位：McGill University
摘要：From artificial-intelligence algorithms to zebrafish, this book take a precautionary approach to assessing how sentient such entities are.
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Xin, Wendy; Kaneko, Megumi; Roth, Richard H.; Zhang, Albert; Nocera, Sonia; Ding, Jun B.; Stryker, Michael P.; Chan, Jonah R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Stanford University
摘要：Developmental myelination is a protracted process in the mammalian brain1. One theory for why oligodendrocytes mature so slowly posits that myelination may stabilize neuronal circuits and temper neuronal plasticity as animals age2-4. We tested this theory in the visual cortex, which has a well-defined critical period for experience-dependent neuronal plasticity5. During adolescence, visual experience modulated the rate of oligodendrocyte maturation in visual cortex. To determine whether oligod...
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作者：Lenharo, Mariana
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作者：Naddaf, Miryam
摘要：Diseases such as West Nile virus and dengue are becoming increasingly common as the insects that spread them move north. Diseases such as West Nile virus and dengue are becoming increasingly common as the insects that spread them move north.
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作者：Woolston, Chris
摘要：With efforts to promote sustainability on the rise, researchers are making gains - but doing science in a green way isn't always easy.
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作者：Ding, Meiqi; Zhou, Yang; Becker, Dirk; Yang, Shang; Krischke, Markus; Scherzer, Soenke; Yu-Strzelczyk, Jing; Mueller, Martin J.; Hedrich, Rainer; Nagel, Georg; Gao, Shiqiang; Konrad, Kai R.
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; University of Wurzburg; University of Wurzburg; Zhengzhou University
摘要：Early plant responses to different stress situations often encompass cytosolic Ca2+ increases, plasma membrane depolarization and the generation of reactive oxygen species(1-3). However, the mechanisms by which these signalling elements are translated into defined physiological outcomes are poorly understood. Here, to study the basis for encoding of specificity in plant signal processing, we used light-gated ion channels (channelrhodopsins). We developed a genetically engineered channelrhodops...
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作者：Yan, Rui; Chen, Huiwen; Liu, Chuanyu; Zhao, Jun; Wu, Di; Jiang, Juquan; Gong, Jianke; Jiang, Daohua
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physics, CAS; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Northeast Agricultural University - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Peking University
摘要：Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a fundamental macronutrient for all living organisms, the homeostasis of which is critical for numerous biological activities(1-3). As the only known human Pi exporter to date, XPR1 has an indispensable role in cellular Pi homeostasis(4,5). Dysfunction of XPR1 is associated with neurodegenerative disease(6-8). However, the mechanisms underpinning XPR1-mediated Pi efflux and regulation by the intracellular inositol polyphosphate (InsPP) sensor SPX domain remain poorl...
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作者：Slade, Patrick; Atkeson, Christopher; Donelan, J. Maxwell; Houdijk, Han; Ingraham, Kimberly A.; Kim, Myunghee; Kong, Kyoungchul; Poggensee, Katherine L.; Riener, Robert; Steinert, Martin; Zhang, Juanjuan; Collins, Steven H.
作者单位：Harvard University; Carnegie Mellon University; Simon Fraser University; University of Groningen; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus MC; Delft University of Technology; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Geneva; University of Zurich; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Nankai University; Stanford University
摘要：From industrial exoskeletons to implantable medical devices, robots that interact closely with people are poised to improve every aspect of our lives. Yet designing these systems is very challenging; humans are incredibly complex and, in many cases, we respond to robotic devices in ways that cannot be modelled or predicted with sufficient accuracy. A new approach, human-in-the-loop optimization, can overcome these challenges by systematically and empirically identifying the device characterist...
