-
作者：Matsliah, Arie; Yu, Szi-chieh; Kruk, Krzysztof; Bland, Doug; Burke, Austin T.; Gager, Jay; Hebditch, James; Silverman, Ben; Willie, Kyle Patrick; Willie, Ryan; Sorek, Marissa; Sterling, Amy R.; Kind, Emil; Garner, Dustin; Sancer, Gizem; Wernet, Mathias F.; Kim, Sung Soo; Murthy, Mala; Seung, H. Sebastian
作者单位：Princeton University; Free University of Berlin; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Yale University; Princeton University
摘要：A catalogue of neuronal cell types has often been called a 'parts list' of the brain1, and regarded as a prerequisite for understanding brain function2,3. In the optic lobe of Drosophila, rules of connectivity between cell types have already proven to be essential for understanding fly vision4,5. Here we analyse the fly connectome to complete the list of cell types intrinsic to the optic lobe, as well as the rules governing their connectivity. Most new cell types contain 10 to 100 cells, and i...
-
作者：Schartl, Manfred; Woltering, Joost M.; Irisarri, Iker; Du, Kang; Kneitz, Susanne; Pippel, Martin; Brown, Thomas; Franchini, Paolo; Li, Jing; Li, Ming; Adolfi, Mateus; Winkler, Sylke; Sousa, Josane de Freitas; Chen, Zhuoxin; Jacinto, Sandra; Kvon, Evgeny Z.; de Oliveira, Luis Rogerio Correa; Monteiro, Erika; Baia Amaral, Danielson; Burmester, Thorsten; Chalopin, Domitille; Suh, Alexander; Myers, Eugene; Simakov, Oleg; Schneider, Igor; Meyer, Axel
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; Texas State University System; Texas State University San Marcos; University of Innsbruck; University of Konstanz; University of Wurzburg; Max Planck Society; Technische Universitat Dresden; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Universidade Federal do Para; University of Hamburg; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Bordeaux; Uppsala University; University of East Anglia; University of Vienna; Uppsala University; Leibniz Institut fur Zoo und Wildtierforschung; Tuscia University
摘要：The genomes of living lungfishes can inform on the molecular-developmental basis of the Devonian sarcopterygian fish-tetrapod transition. We de novo sequenced the genomes of the African (Protopterus annectens) and South American lungfishes (Lepidosiren paradoxa). The Lepidosiren genome (about 91 Gb, roughly 30 times the human genome) is the largest animal genome sequenced so far and more than twice the size of the Australian (Neoceratodus forsteri)1 and African2 lungfishes owing to enlarged in...
-
作者：Drew, Liam
-
作者：Klopper, Abigail
-
作者：Sapkal, Neha; Mancini, Nino; Kumar, Divya Sthanu; Spiller, Nico; Murakami, Kazuma; Vitelli, Gianna; Bargeron, Benjamin; Maier, Kate; Eichler, Katharina; Jefferis, Gregory S. X. E.; Shiu, Philip K.; Sterne, Gabriella R.; Bidaye, Salil S.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University; University of Cambridge; MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Rochester
摘要：Walking is a complex motor programme involving coordinated and distributed activity across the brain and the spinal cord. Halting appropriately at the correct time is a critical component of walking control. Despite progress in identifying neurons driving halting1-6, the underlying neural circuit mechanisms responsible for overruling the competing walking state remain unclear. Here, using connectome-informed models7-9 and functional studies, we explain two fundamental mechanisms by which Droso...
-
作者：Gearon, James H.; Martin, Harrison K.; DeLisle, Clarke; Barefoot, Eric A.; Mohrig, David; Paola, Chris; Edmonds, Douglas A.
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Avulsing rivers create new pathways on the floodplain and the associated flooding can profoundly affect society(1-4). River avulsions are thought to occur when the water column becomes perched above the floodplain5 or when the slope down the flanks of the channel provides a steeper descent than the existing river channel(6,7). We test these classical ideas by quantifying the topography around avulsing rivers and show that these mechanisms, historically invoked separately, work together. Near c...
-
作者：Zou, Zhongyu; Dou, Xiaoyang; Li, Ying; Zhang, Zijie; Wang, Juan; Gao, Boyang; Xiao, Yu; Wang, Yiding; Zhao, Lijie; Sun, Chenxi; Liu, Qinzhe; Yu, Xianbin; Wang, Hao; Hong, Juyeong; Dai, Qing; Yang, Feng-Chun; Xu, Mingjiang; He, Chuan
作者单位：University of Chicago; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Chicago; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio
摘要：Mutation of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (encoded by TET2) drives myeloid malignancy initiation and progression(1-3). TET2 deficiency is known to cause a globally opened chromatin state and activation of genes contributing to aberrant haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal(4,5). However, the open chromatin observed in TET2-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells, leukaemic cells and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells(5) is inconsistent with the designated role of DNA 5-methylcytosine oxi...
-
作者：Hoeg-Jensen, Thomas; Kruse, Thomas; Brand, Christian L.; Sturis, Jeppe; Fledelius, Christian; Nielsen, Peter K.; Nishimura, Erica; Madsen, Alice R.; Lykke, Lennart; Halskov, Kim S.; Koscova, Simona; Kotek, Vladislav; Davis, Anthony P.; Tromans, Robert A.; Tomsett, Michael; Penuelas-Haro, Guillem; Leonard, Daniel J.; Orchard, Michael G.; Chapman, Andy; Invernizzi, Gaetano; Johansson, Eva; Granata, Daniele; Hansen, Bo F.; Pedersen, Thomas A.; Kildegaard, Jonas; Pedersen, Karen-Margrethe; Refsgaard, Hanne H. F.; Alifrangis, Lene; Fels, Johannes J.; Neutzsky-Wulff, Anita V.; Sauerberg, Per; Slaaby, Rita
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：The risk of inducing hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose) constitutes the main challenge associated with insulin therapy for diabetes(1,2). Insulin doses must be adjusted to ensure that blood glucose values are within the normal range, but matching insulin doses to fluctuating glucose levels is difficult because even a slightly higher insulin dose than needed can lead to a hypoglycaemic incidence, which can be anything from uncomfortable to life-threatening. It has therefore been a long-standing ...
-
作者：Michel-Mata, Sebastian; Kawakatsu, Mari; Sartini, Joseph; Kessinger, Taylor A.; Plotkin, Joshua B.; Tarnita, Corina E.
作者单位：Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：Reputations are critical to human societies, as individuals are treated differently based on their social standing(1,2). For instance, those who garner a good reputation by helping others are more likely to be rewarded by third parties(3-5). Achieving widespread cooperation in this way requires that reputations accurately reflect behaviour(6) and that individuals agree about each other's standings(7). With few exceptions(8-10), theoretical work has assumed that information is limited, which hi...
-
作者：Stoop, Mitchel; de Koter, Alex; Kaper, Lex; Brands, Sarah; Portegies Zwart, Simon; Sana, Hugues; Stoppa, Fiorenzo; Gieles, Mark; Mahy, Laurent; Shenar, Tomer; Guo, Difeng; Nelemans, Gijs; Rieder, Steven
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Radboud University Nijmegen; ICREA; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); University of Barcelona; Tel Aviv University
摘要：Massive stars are predominantly born in stellar associations or clusters(1). Their radiation fields, stellar winds and supernovae strongly impact their local environment. In the first few million years of a cluster's life, massive stars are dynamically ejected and run away from the cluster at high speed(2). However, the production rate of dynamically ejected runaways is poorly constrained. Here we report on a sample of 55 massive runaway stars ejected from the young cluster R136 in the Large M...
