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作者：Dobrovidova, Olga
摘要：Researchers in Russia expect growing isolation as Vladimir Putin embarks on six more years as president.
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作者：Padian, Kevin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：For a century, scientists pondered whether bird flight evolved by animals gliding down from trees or by creatures running and flapping from the ground up. A landmark 1974 paper reset the debate to focus on the evolution of the flight stroke instead.
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作者：Xu, Pengbiao; Liu, Ying; Liu, Chong; Guey, Baptiste; Li, Lingyun; Melenec, Pauline; Ricci, Jonathan; Ablasser, Andrea
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Jiangnan University
摘要：Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses aberrant DNA during infection, cancer and inflammatory disease, and initiates potent innate immune responses through the synthesis of 2 ' 3 '-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)1-7. The indiscriminate activity of cGAS towards DNA demands tight regulatory mechanisms that are necessary to maintain cell and tissue homeostasis under normal conditions. Inside the cell nucleus, anchoring to nucleosomes and competition with chromatin architectural proteins jointly prohibit cG...
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作者：Marletaz, Ferdinand; Timoshevskaya, Nataliya; Timoshevskiy, Vladimir A.; Parey, Elise; Simakov, Oleg; Gavriouchkina, Daria; Suzuki, Masakazu; Kubokawa, Kaoru; Brenner, Sydney; Smith, Jeramiah J.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University; University of Kentucky; University of Vienna; Shizuoka University; University of Tokyo; Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR); A*STAR - Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology (IMCB); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI); University of London; University College London
摘要：As the only surviving lineages of jawless fishes, hagfishes and lampreys provide a crucial window into early vertebrate evolution1-3. Here we investigate the complex history, timing and functional role of genome-wide duplications4-7 and programmed DNA elimination8,9 in vertebrates in the light of a chromosome-scale genome sequence for the brown hagfish Eptatretus atami. Combining evidence from syntenic and phylogenetic analyses, we establish a comprehensive picture of vertebrate genome evoluti...
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作者：Lamy, Frank; Winckler, Gisela; Arz, Helge W.; Farmer, Jesse R.; Gottschalk, Julia; Lembke-Jene, Lester; Middleton, Jennifer L.; van der Does, Michelle; Tiedemann, Ralf; Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos; Basak, Chandranath; Brombacher, Anieke; Dumm, Levin; Esper, Oliver M.; Herbert, Lisa C.; Iwasaki, Shinya; Kreps, Gaston; Lawson, Vera J.; Lo, Li; Malinverno, Elisa; Martinez-Garcia, Alfredo; Michel, Elisabeth; Moretti, Simone; Moy, Christopher M.; Ravelo, Ana Christina; Riesselman, Christina R.; Saavedra-Pellitero, Mariem; Sadatzki, Henrik; Seo, Inah; Singh, Raj K.; Smith, Rebecca A.; Souza, Alexandre L.; Stoner, Joseph S.; Toyos, Maria; de Oliveira, Igor M. Venancio P.; Wan, Sui; Wu, Shuzhuang; Zhao, Xiangyu
作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Bremen; Columbia University; Columbia University; Leibniz Institut fur Ostseeforschung Warnemunde; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston; University of Kiel; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Delaware; Yale University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; National Taiwan University; University of Milano-Bicocca; Max Planck Society; Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA; University of Otago; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Portsmouth; Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST); Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Bhubaneswar; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Oregon State University; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Chinese Academy of Sciences; South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS; University of Lausanne; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) - Japan
摘要：The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) represents the world's largest ocean-current system and affects global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic ice-sheet stability 1-3 . Today, ACC dynamics are controlled by atmospheric forcing, oceanic density gradients and eddy activity 4 . Whereas palaeoceanographic reconstructions exhibit regional heterogeneity in ACC position and strength over Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles 5-8 , the long-term evolution of the ACC is poorly known. Here we...
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作者：Garba, R.; Usyk, V.; Yla-Mella, L.; Kamenik, J.; Stuebner, K.; Lachner, J.; Rugel, G.; Veselovsky, F.; Gerasimenko, N.; Herries, A. I. R.; Kucera, J.; Knudsen, M. F.; Jansen, J. D.
作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; National Academy of Sciences Ukraine; Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Brno; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR); Czech Geological Survey; Ministry of Education & Science of Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; La Trobe University; University of Johannesburg; Aarhus University
摘要：Stone tools stratified in alluvium and loess at Korolevo, western Ukraine, have been studied by several research groups1-3 since the discovery of the site in the 1970s. Although Korolevo's importance to the European Palaeolithic is widely acknowledged, age constraints on the lowermost lithic artefacts have yet to be determined conclusively. Here, using two methods of burial dating with cosmogenic nuclides4,5, we report ages of 1.42 +/- 0.10 million years and 1.42 +/- 0.28 million years for the...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Florian, M. Carolina
作者单位：ICREA
摘要：A method for imaging the production of blood cells in the bones of mice has revealed the organization of cell lineages, both in a steady state and in response to stressors, such as bleeding and infection.
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作者：[Anonymous]
摘要：Why are companies and governments determined to start commercial-scale mining for rare metals, when so little is known about its wider impacts?
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作者：Song, Wen; Liu, Li; Yu, Dongli; Bernardy, Hanna; Jirschitzka, Jan; Huang, Shijia; Jia, Aolin; Jemielniak, Wictoria; Acker, Julia; Laessle, Henriette; Wang, Junli; Shen, Qiaochu; Chen, Weijie; Li, Pilong; Parker, Jane E.; Han, Zhifu; Schulze-Lefert, Paul; Chai, Jijie
作者单位：China Agricultural University; Max Planck Society; University of Cologne; Beijing Normal University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Medical School; Westlake University; Tsinghua University; Max Planck Society
摘要：Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors with an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain mediate recognition of strain-specific pathogen effectors, typically via their C-terminal ligand-sensing domains1. Effector binding enables TIR-encoded enzymatic activities that are required for TIR-NLR (TNL)-mediated immunity2,3. Many truncated TNL proteins lack effector-sensing domains but retain similar enzymatic and immune activities4,5. The mechanism underlying t...
