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作者：Marchi, Simone; Korenaga, Jun
作者单位：Southwest Research Institute; Yale University
摘要：Terrestrial planets-Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars-formed by the accretion of smaller objects. The Earth was probably the latest terrestrial planet to form and reached about 99% of its final mass within about 60-100 Myr after condensation of the first solids in the Solar System. This Review examines the disproportionate role of the last approximately 1% of planetary growth, or late accretion, in controlling the long-term evolution of the Earth and other terrestrial planets. Late accretion may ...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Bodnar, Cristian; Bruinsma, Wessel P.; Lucic, Ana; Stanley, Megan; Allen, Anna; Brandstetter, Johannes; Garvan, Patrick; Riechert, Maik; Weyn, Jonathan A.; Dong, Haiyu; Gupta, Jayesh K.; Thambiratnam, Kit; Archibald, Alexander T.; Wu, Chun-Chieh; Heider, Elizabeth; Welling, Max; Turner, Richard E.; Perdikaris, Paris
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; University of Cambridge; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Microsoft; Microsoft; National Taiwan University; Alan Turing Institute; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Reliable forecasting of the Earth system is essential for mitigating natural disasters and supporting human progress. Traditional numerical models, although powerful, are extremely computationally expensive1. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in improving both predictive performance and efficiency2,3, yet their potential remains underexplored in many Earth system domains. Here we introduce Aurora, a large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million ...
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作者：Long, John A.; Niedzwiedzki, Grzegorz; Garvey, Jillian; Clement, Alice M.; Camens, Aaron B.; Eury, Craig A.; Eason, John; Ahlberg, Per E.
作者单位：Flinders University South Australia; Uppsala University; Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute; La Trobe University
摘要：The known fossil record of crown-group amniotes begins in the late Carboniferous with the sauropsid trackmaker Notalacerta1,2 and the sauropsid body fossil Hylonomus1, 2, 3-4. The earliest body fossils of crown-group tetrapods are mid-Carboniferous, and the oldest trackways are early Carboniferous5, 6-7. This suggests that the tetrapod crown group originated in the earliest Carboniferous (early Tournaisian), with the amniote crown group appearing in the early part of the late Carboniferous. He...
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作者：Crow, James Mitchell
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作者：Simms, Chris
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作者：Bischetti, Manuela
作者单位：University of Trieste
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作者：Zhang, Ruo-Yang; Cui, Xiaohan; Zeng, Yuan-Song; Chen, Jin; Liu, Wenzhe; Wang, Mudi; Wang, Dongyang; Zhang, Zhao-Qing; Wang, Neng; Wu, Geng-Bo; Chan, C. T.
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; City University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong; Fudan University; Wuhan University; Wuhan University; University of Southampton; Shenzhen University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Photonic double-zero-index media, distinguished by concurrently zero-valued permittivity and permeability, exhibit extraordinary properties not found in nature1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-8. Notably, the notion of zero index can be substantially expanded by generalizing the constitutive parameters from null scalars to non-reciprocal tensors with non-zero matrix elements but zero determinants9,10. Here we experimentally realize this class of gyromagnetic double-zero-index metamaterials possessing both d...
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作者：Chen, Danian; Lu, Suying; Huang, Katherine; Pearson, Joel D.; Pacal, Marek; Peidis, Phillipos; Mccurdy, Sean; Yu, Tao; Sangwan, Monika; Nguyen, Angela; Monnier, Philippe P.; Schramek, Daniel; Zhu, Liang; Santamaria, David; Barbacid, Mariano; Akeno, Nagako; Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Kathryn A.; Bremner, Rod
作者单位：University of Toronto; Sinai Health System Toronto; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Sichuan University; University of Toronto; University Health Network Toronto; Krembil Research Institute; University of Toronto; Yeshiva University; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Yeshiva University; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Yeshiva University; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Yeshiva University; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; University of Salamanca; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University of Manitoba; University of Manitoba
摘要：Oncogenic mutations are widespread in normal human tissues(1). Similarly, in murine chimeras, cells carrying an oncogenic lesion contribute normal cells to adult tissues without causing cancer(2,3,4). How lineages that escape cancer via normal development differ from the minority that succumb is unclear. Tumours exhibit characteristic cancer hallmarks; we therefore searched for hallmarks that differentiate cancer-prone lineages from resistant lineages. Here we show that total cell cycle durati...
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作者：Allen, Anna; Markou, Stratis; Tebbutt, Will; Requeima, James; Bruinsma, Wessel P.; Andersson, Tom R.; Herzog, Michael; Lane, Nicholas D.; Chantry, Matthew; Hosking, J. Scott; Turner, Richard E.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Toronto; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey; University of Cambridge; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF); Alan Turing Institute; Alphabet Inc.; DeepMind; Google Incorporated
摘要：Weather prediction is critical for a range of human activities, including transportation, agriculture and industry, as well as for the safety of the general public. Machine learning transforms numerical weather prediction (NWP) by replacing the numerical solver with neural networks, improving the speed and accuracy of the forecasting component of the prediction pipeline1, 2, 3, 4, 5-6. However, current models rely on numerical systems at initialization and to produce local forecasts, thereby l...
