-
作者：Sherratt, Thomas N.; Loeffler-Henry, Karl
作者单位：Carleton University
-
作者：Guglielmi, Giorgia
-
作者：Napoli, James G.; Fabbri, Matteo; Ruebenstahl, Alexander A.; O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.; Norell, Mark A.
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University Hospital; American Museum of Natural History (AMNH); Johns Hopkins University; Yale University; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); Yale University
摘要：The carpus (wrist) of birds has a complex evolutionary history, long known to involve carpal reduction and recently shown to include topological replacement of one carpal (the ulnare) by another (the pisiform)1. The pisiform plays a crucial role in stabilization of the distal wingtip during flight2, and facilitates kinematic integration that 'automates' wing motion3. The apparent absence of a pisiform in all but the earliest theropod dinosaurs led to the proposal that it was lost early in ther...
-
作者：Zhao, Yasong; Wan, Jiawei; Ling, Chongyi; Wang, Yanlei; He, Hongyan; Yang, Nailiang; Wen, Rui; Zhang, Qinghua; Gu, Lin; Yang, Bolong; Xiang, Zhonghua; Chen, Chen; Wang, Jinlan; Wang, Xin; Wang, Yucheng; Tao, Huabing; Li, Xuning; Liu, Bin; Zhang, Suojiang; Wang, Dan
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Process Engineering, CAS; Shenzhen University; Southeast University - China; Institute of Process Engineering, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physics, CAS; Tsinghua University; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Tsinghua University; City University of Hong Kong; Xiamen University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS; City University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：Developing highly active and durable electrocatalysts for cost-effective proton-exchange membrane fuel cells is challenging1, 2-3. Fe/N-C catalysts are among the most promising alternatives to the platinum group metal catalysts, but their activity and durability still cannot meet the performance criteria due to the strong adsorption of oxygenated reaction intermediates and the demetallization of Fe species caused by the Fenton reaction4, 5, 6, 7-8. Here we design and develop a new type of Fe/N...
-
作者：Domaretskiy, Daniil; Wu, Zefei; Nguyen, Van Huy; Hayward, Ned; Babich, Ian; Li, Xiao; Nguyen, Ekaterina; Barrier, Julien; Indykiewicz, Kornelia; Wang, Wendong; Gorbachev, Roman V.; Xin, Na; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Hague, Lee; Fal'ko, Vladimir I.; Grigorieva, Irina V.; Ponomarenko, Leonid A.; Berdyugin, Alexey I.; Geim, Andre K.
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Manchester; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National Institute for Materials Science; Lancaster University
摘要：The electronic quality of two-dimensional systems is crucial when exploring quantum transport phenomena. In semiconductor heterostructures, decades of optimization have yielded record-quality two-dimensional gases with transport and quantum mobilities reaching close to 108 and 106 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-10. Although the quality of graphene devices has also been improving, it remains comparatively lower11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16-17. Here we report a transformative improv...
-
作者：Dinezio, Pedro N.; Shanahan, Timothy M.; Sun, Tianyi; Sun, Chijun; Wu, Xian; Lawman, Allison; Lea, David; Kageyama, Masa; Merkel, Ute; Prange, Matthias; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Zhang, Xu
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Environmental Defense Fund; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Colorado College; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Universite Paris Saclay; University of Bremen; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey
摘要：Projections of tropical rainfall under global warming remain highly uncertain1,2, largely because of an unclear climate response to a potential weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)3. Although an AMOC slowdown can substantially alter tropical rainfall patterns4, 5, 6, 7-8, the physical mechanisms linking high-latitude changes to tropical hydroclimate are poorly understood11. Here we demonstrate that an AMOC slowdown drives widespread shifts in tropical rainfall th...
-
作者：Ooi, Leon Qi Rong; Orban, Csaba; Zhang, Shaoshi; Nichols, Thomas E.; Tan, Trevor Wei Kiat; Kong, Ru; Marek, Scott; Dosenbach, Nico U. F.; Laumann, Timothy O.; Gordon, Evan M.; Yap, Kwong Hsia; Ji, Fang; Chong, Joanna Su Xian; Chen, Christopher; An, Lijun; Franzmeier, Nicolai; Roemer-Cassiano, Sebastian N.; Hu, Qingyu; Ren, Jianxun; Liu, Hesheng; Chopra, Sidhant; Cocuzza, Carrisa V.; Baker, Justin T.; Zhou, Juan Helen; Bzdok, Danilo; Eickhoff, Simon B.; Holmes, Avram J.; Yeo, B. T. Thomas
作者单位：National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Lund University; SciLifeLab; University of Munich; University of Munich; University of Gothenburg; University of Munich; Changping Laboratory; Peking University; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Yale University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; McLean Hospital; McGill University; Mila Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; Helmholtz Association; Research Center Julich; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
摘要：A pervasive dilemma in brain-wide association studies1 (BWAS) is whether to prioritize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan time or sample size. We derive a theoretical model showing that individual-level phenotypic prediction accuracy increases with sample size and total scan duration (sample size x scan time per participant). The model explains empirical prediction accuracies well across 76 phenotypes from nine resting-fMRI and task-fMRI datasets (R2 = 0.89), spanning diverse sc...
-
作者：Kubiszewski, Ida; Costanza, Robert; Fulton, Elizabeth A.; King, Matt A.; Leane, Elizabeth; Stoeckl, Natalie
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); University of Tasmania; University of Tasmania; University of Tasmania; University of Tasmania
-
作者：Falasconi, Antonio; Kanodia, Harsh; Arber, Silvia
作者单位：University of Basel; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
摘要：The basal ganglia are fundamental to motor control and their dysfunction is linked to motor deficits1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-8. Influential investigations on the primate oculomotor system posited that movement generally depends on transient pauses of tonically firing inhibitory basal ganglia output neurons releasing brainstem motor centres9,10. However, prominent increases in basal ganglia output neuron firing observed during other motor tasks cast doubts on the proposed mechanisms of movement regu...
-
作者：Ahart, Jenna
