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作者：van Leeuwen, Boris; Noussair, Charles N.; Offerman, Theo; Suetens, Sigrid; van Veelen, Matthijs; van de Ven, Jeroen
作者单位：Tilburg University; Tilburg University; University of Arizona; University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam; Harvard University; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Evolutionary explanations of anger as a commitment device hinge on two key assumptions. The first is that it is predictable, ex ante, whether someone will get angry when feeling that he or she has been badly treated. The second is that anger is associated with destructive behavior. We test the validity of these two assumptions. We collected photos of responders in an ultimatum game before they were informed about the game that they would be playing, and we filmed responders with webcams during...
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作者：Shen, Qiaowei; Villas-Boas, J. Miguel
作者单位：Peking University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper considers the effect of firms sending advertising messages to consumers based on their past purchase behavior. If past purchase behavior on a product category is positively correlated with a consumer having high preferences in another category, a firm may want to advertise more intensively to those consumers that purchased the former category, if possible. This paper finds that this can lead to lower prices in the initial category if the annoyance of receiving advertising is large, ...
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作者：Barak-Corren, Netta; Tsay, Chia-Jung; Cushman, Fiery; Bazerman, Max H.
作者单位：Harvard University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of London; University College London; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：We study how people reconcile conflicting moral intuitions by juxtaposing two versions of classic moral problems: the trolley problem and the footbridge problem. When viewed separately, most people favor action in the former and disapprove of action in the latter, despite identical consequences. The difference is often explained in terms of the intention principle-whether the consequences are intended or incidental. Our results suggest that when the two problems are considered together, a diff...
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作者：Moser, Petra; Ohmstedt, Joerg; Rhode, Paul W.
作者单位：New York University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A growing empirical literature uses patent citations as a quality-adjusted measure for innovation, despite concerns about the validity of this measure. This paper links patents with objective measures of improvements in the quality of patented inventionsmeasured through performance in field trials for hybrid corn-to examine three potential factors that influence citations: (1) improvements in performance, (2) citing practices of patent attorneys, and (3) citing practices of patent examiners. T...
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作者：Wong, Kin Fai Ellick; Kwong, Jessica Y. Y.
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：A paradox in organizational research on judgment and decision making is that although the law-of-effect in adaptive learning suggests that people's tendency to take a decision decreases after the decision receives negative consequences, people often exhibit an opposite action pattern of escalation of commitment. To address this paradox, this paper proposes that the unit of law-of-effect can be extended from a decision level to a strategy level (i.e., a group of planned decisions). A strategy o...
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作者：Anbarci, Nejat; Feltovich, Nick
作者单位：Deakin University; Monash University
摘要：We use a competitive search (price-posting) framework to experimentally examine how buyer information and fairness perceptions affect market behavior. We observe that moving from zero to one uninformed buyers leads to higher prices in both 2 (seller) x 2 (buyer) and 2 x 3 markets: the former as predicted under standard preferences, the latter the opposite of the theoretical prediction. Perceptions of fair prices-elicited in the experiment-are a powerful driver of behavior. For buyers, fair pri...
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作者：Dietvorst, Berkeley J.; Simmons, Joseph P.; Massey, Cade
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Although evidence-based algorithms consistently outperform human forecasters, people often fail to use them after learning that they are imperfect, a phenomenon known as algorithm aversion. In this paper, we present three studies investigating how to reduce algorithm aversion. In incentivized forecasting tasks, participants chose between using their own forecasts or those of an algorithm that was built by experts. Participants were considerably more likely to choose to use an imperfect algorit...
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作者：Markle, Alex B.; Rottenstreich, Yuval
作者单位：Fordham University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Most theories of decision making are consequentialist. They presume that people evaluate prospects on the basis of potential outcomes. However, people may often conceptualize prospects in part nonconsequentially. Consider someone evaluating a new, focal prospect given an unresolved background position to which that person is already exposed. If the two are positively correlated, the individual may conceptualize the focal prospect as a bet with the individual's background position; if they are ...
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作者：Ranehill, Eva; Zethraeus, Niklas; Blomberg, Liselott; von Schoultz, Bo; Hirschberg, Angelica Linden; Johannesson, Magnus; Dreber, Anna
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：A growing body of correlational studies suggests that sex hormones such as those contained in, or affected by, oral contraceptives (OCs) may impact economic behavior. However, despite widespread use of OCs among women in Western countries, little is known about their potential behavioral effects. The present study investigates whether OCs causally influence economic preferences. We randomly allocate 340 women aged 18-35 to three months of a widely used OC or placebo treatment. At the end of tr...
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作者：Han, Jungsuk; Kyle, Albert S.
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Modest differences in higher-order beliefs may have large price effects. We generalize a standard rational expectations equilibrium model with different information by allowing differences in higher-order beliefs. Investors have possibly different dogmatic beliefs about the mean, different dogmatic beliefs about other investors' beliefs, and so on for higher and higher orders of beliefs. Even when every investor's first-order expectations are unbiased, overvaluation results when investors have...
