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作者：McEvily, Bill; Zaheer, Akbar; Kamal, Darcy K. Fudge
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Chapman University System; Chapman University
摘要：Trust in interfirm exchange has traditionally been treated as mutually held and jointly determined by the two parties in a relationship. Yet, the expectations of exchange partners can, and routinely do, differ with respect to the goals, preferences, and vulnerabilities in their shared relationship. To account for such differences in expectations, we propose a broadened conceptualization of the sources of interorganizational trust as dyadic. Viewing the sources of trust as dyadic expands the co...
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作者：Elfenbein, Daniel W.; Zenger, Todd
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：Prior empirical studies suggest repeated exchange develops increasing value in buyer-supplier relationships. A first order implication of this finding is that buyers will concentrate exchange among a relatively small number of suppliers to generate maximum value in relationships. However, buyers are equally concerned with value capture. By distributing rather than concentrating exchange, buyers may position themselves to capture more of the value created, leaving buyers potentially conflicted ...
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作者：Cobb, J. Adam; Lin, Ken-Hou
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Wage inequality in the United States has risen dramatically over the past few decades, prompting scholars to develop a number of theoretical accounts for the upward trend. This study argues that large firms have been a prominent labor-market institution that mitigates inequality. By compensating their low-and middle-wage employees with a greater premium than their higher-wage counterparts, large U.S. firms reduced overall wage dispersion. Yet, broader changes to employment relations associated...
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作者：Singh, Kulwant; Mahmood, Ishtiaq P.; Natarajan, Siddharth
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：We conceptualize capital markets in terms of resource access and governance, and argue that more developed capital markets facilitate firm restructuring through more effective provision of capital and governance of transactions. We then develop a contingency model that specifies that the effects of capital market development on restructuring vary by (1) types of restructuring, (2) the nature of the economic environments, and (3) firms' access to resources. We evaluate a broad range of restruct...
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作者：Gartenberg, Claudine; Wulf, Julie
作者单位：New York University
摘要：Our study presents evidence that social comparison influences both the level of pay and the degree of performance sensitivity within firms. We report pay patterns among division managers of large, multibusiness firms over a 14-year period. These patterns are consistent with employees comparing pay against both their peers (horizontal comparison) and the chief executive officer (vertical comparison) within their firm. Horizontal comparison also appears to reduce pay-performance sensitivity, in ...
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作者：Eberhart, Robert N.; Eesley, Charles E.; Eisenhardt, Kathleen M.
作者单位：Santa Clara University; Stanford University
摘要：Does an institutional change that lowers failure barriers improve new firm growth? We take advantage of a quasi-natural experiment in Japan that drastically reduced the stringency of bankruptcy regulations to examine this question. Using longitudinal data over a 10-year period, we find that bankruptcy reform increases the rates of bankruptcy and founding-and, more importantly, the likelihood of high-growth ventures-by disproportionately encouraging elite individuals (i.e., those with superior ...
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作者：Ferguson, John-Paul; Carnabuci, Gianluca
作者单位：Stanford University; European School of Management & Technology
摘要：Theories of innovation and technical change posit that inventions that combine knowledge across technology domains have greater impact than inventions drawn from a single domain. The evidence for this claim comes mostly from research on patented inventions and ignores failed patent applications. We draw on insights from research into institutional gatekeeping to theorize that, to be granted, patent applications that span technological domains must have higher quality than otherwise comparable,...
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作者：Oliver, Nick; Calvard, Thomas; Potocnik, Kristina
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
摘要：Organizations, particularly those for whom safety and reliability are crucial, develop routines to protect them from failure. But even highly reliable organizations are not immune to disaster and prolonged periods of safe operation are punctuated by occasional catastrophes. Scholars of safety science label this the paradox of almost totally safesystems, noting that systems that are very safe under normal conditions may be vulnerable under unusual ones. In this paper, we explain, develop, and a...
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作者：Lee, Sunkee; Meyer-Doyle, Philipp
作者单位：INSEAD Business School
摘要：The existing literature has highlighted the role of individuals in exploration and exploitation, yet our understanding of what shapes those activities at the individual level remains limited. We integrate the literatures on exploration/exploitation and incentives to examine how incentives impact individual behavior to explore new ideas or exploit existing ideas. Using novel microdata on the commercial projects of sales employees at a South Korean e-commerce firm, we find that individuals engag...
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作者：Chai, Sen
作者单位：ESSEC Business School
摘要：Why do researchers on the verge of breakthrough sometimes miss the discovery? While extensive literatures have modeled the course of successful discovery and pinpointed factors associated with groundbreaking discoveries, I focus on understanding why near misses occur by interviewing scientists who were very close to discovering the ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference breakthrough in biology but ultimately missed out. I identify three mechanisms rooted in paradigmatic rigidity that led to the s...
