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作者：Young, G; Smith, KG; Grimm, CM
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Drawing on the Austrian school of economics and the structure-conduct-performance (s-c-p) paradigm of industrial organization, the authors present and test a dynamic model of competitive activity and performance. They examine the model in two stages. First, they explore the influence of industry-level and firm-level cooperative mechanisms on firm-level competitive activity. Second, they examine the effect of firm- and industry-level competitive activity on firm performance. The authors use the...
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作者：Kogut, B; Zander, U
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Firms are organizations that represent social knowledge of coordination and learning. But why should their boundaries demarcate quantitative shifts in the knowledge and capability of their members? Should not knowledge reside also in a network of interacting firms? This line of questioning presents the challenge to state an alternative view to the ''theory of the firm,'' a theory that has moved from Cease's early treatment of what firms do to a concern with ownership, incentives, and self-inte...
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作者：Cheng, YT; VandeVen, AH
摘要：This paper reports the first empirical findings demonstrating the presence of chaotic processes in innovation process. The paper provides an empirical basis for distinguishing between orderly periodic stages in the innovation process, random sequences and chaotic patterns. The finding that the initial innovation development process exhibits chaotic patterns will have very important implications for theories of organization learning and for the structuring of ''exploration'' processes in organi...
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作者：Constant, D; Sproull, L; Kiesler, S
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：People use weak ties-relationships with acquaintances or strangers-to seek help unavailable from friends or colleagues. Yet in the absence of personal relationships or the expectation of direct reciprocity, help from weak ties might not be forthcoming or could be of low quality. We examined the practice of distant employees (strangers) exchanging technical advice through a large organizational computer network. A survey of advice seekers and those who replied was conducted to test hypotheses a...
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作者：Eisenhardt, KM; Schoonhoven, CB
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：Why do firms form strategic alliances? The traditional theoretical answer has been transaction cost explanations. Yet, these explanations which center on transaction characteristics, static efficiency, and routine situations do not capture the strategic and social factors which propel many firms into alliance formation. In this study, however, we combine these alternative social and strategic explanations for alliance formation. Consistent with these explanations, we find that alliances form w...
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作者：Craig, T
摘要：In the mid-1980s, the Japanese beer industry, a stable oligopoly in which competition had traditionally been limited to well understood nonprice dimensions, experienced an outbreak of new product ''h!ypercompetition'' which saw a ten-fold increase in the industry's new product introduction rate, produced a major shake-up in firms' competitive positions, and forced firms to transform themselves in fundamental ways in order to compete effectively. Surprisingly, this hypercompetition occurred des...
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作者：Vardi, Y; Wiener, Y
摘要：Observers of organizations recognize now that work related misconduct is both pervasive and costly. There is ample evidence that members of organizations sabotage processes, steal company property, harass others, cheat the government, or mislead customers. Companies and the public pay dearly. What are the motivational forces that drive organizational members to exhibit such varied forms of misconduct? Are these forces different from those that drive them to engage in constructive behavior? Wha...
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作者：Galunic, DC; Eisenhardt, KM
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Modern corporations have become synonymous with the multidivisional form of organization. Variously interdependent divisions are ''chartered'' to look after one or more business areas, in effect defining the ''turf'' of the division and its purpose within the corporation, and collectively defining the corporate domain. However, once created, these divisional charters should not be regarded as rigid; they are susceptible to change. Particularly in fast-paced environments, such as in high-techno...
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作者：Argyris, C
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作者：Thomas, LG
摘要：Competition in the American economy has fundamentally changed over the last few decades, from static to dynamic. This study labels this important change the hypercompetitive shift, and documents it across 200 industries of the US manufacturing sector during 1958 to 1991. For industries that undergo a hypercompetitive shift, there is an increase in the cross-firm variance in performance and a rotation in the value-rivalry relationship from a negative association to an inverted-U. As a consequen...
