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作者：Atkinson, AB; Salverda, W
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Amsterdam
摘要：A method is developed for using income-tax data to investigate the evolution of the highest incomes over virtually the entire 20th century. The income shares of the top 10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, and 0.05 percent are analysed for the UK and the Netherlands. For considering the top shares among themselves the Pareto-Lorenz coefficient is proposed. Between the two countries, the top shares appear to undergo a strikingly similar and strong decline up to the mid- 1970s. Since then British top shares have...
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作者：Alesina, A; Ardagna, S; Nicoletti, G; Schiantarelli, F
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston College
摘要：We use newly assembled data on regulation in several sectors of many OECD countries to provide evidence that regulatory reform of product markets is associated with an increase in investment. A component of reform that plays a very important role is entry liberalization, but privatization also has a substantial effect on investment. Sensitivity analysis suggests that our results are robust.
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作者：Kaboski, JP; Townsend, RM
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper uses variation in policies and institutional characteristics to evaluate the impacts of village-level rnicrofinance institutions in rural Thailand. To identify impacts, we use policies related to the successful/unsuccessful provision of services as exogenous variation in effective financial intermediation. We find that institutions, particularly those with good policies, can promote asset growth, consumption smoothing and occupational mobility, and can decrease moneylender reliance....
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作者：Edlund, L; Pande, R; Haider, L
作者单位：Columbia University; Yale University
摘要：Political survey data for nine West European countries show that women have become increasingly left-wing compared to men, and that this trend is positively correlated with the rise of nonmarriage in these countries. This pattern is mirrored in German longitudinal data (GSOEP), where transitions out of marriage make women, but not men, significantly more left-leaning. Analysis of public spending data for high-income OECD countries (1980-1998) suggests that the political impact of nonmarriage e...
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作者：Lalive, R; Zweimüller, J; van Ours, JC
作者单位：University of Zurich; Tilburg University
摘要：This paper investigates the effectiveness of unemployment benefit sanctions in reducing unemployment duration. Swiss data on benefit sanctions allow us to separate the effect of a warning that a person is not complying with eligibility requirements from the effect of the actual enforcement of a benefit sanction. Moreover, public employment services are given substantial leeway in setting the monitoring intensity. Results indicate that both warning and enforcement have a positive effect on the ...
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作者：Adolfson, M; Laséen, S; Lindé, J; Villani, M
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：In this paper we use a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model for an open economy to examine the role of sticky prices in explaining the joint behaviour of inflation and a fairly large set of macroeconomic variables. We find that price stickiness is an important feature for firms active in the domestic, export and import sectors, even though the model embodies variable capital utilisation, a working-capital channel and a time-varying inflation tat-get. We also document that price ...
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作者：Aghion, P; Burgess, R; Redding, S; Zilibotti, F
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Industrial delicensing, which began in 1985 in India marked a discrete break from a past of centrally planned industrial development. Similar liberalization episodes are taking place across the globe. We develop a simple Schumpeterian growth model to understand how firms respond to the entry threat imposed by liberalization. The model emphasizes that firm responses, even within the same industrial sector, are likely to be heterogeneous leading to an increase in within industry inequality. Tech...
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作者：Saez, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper presents top income shares series for the United States and Canada over the 20th century. In both countries, top income shares display a U-shaped pattern over the century, with a precipitous drop during World War II, with no recovery in the following decades. Since the late 1970s, however, top income shares have been increasing dramatically and the very top shares are now almost as high as in the prewar era. The drop in top income shares in the first part of the century is mainly a ...
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作者：Erceg, CJ; Gust, C; Guerrieri, L
摘要：Gali's innovative approach of imposing long-run restrictions on a vector autoregression (VAR) to identify the effects of a technology shock has become widely utilized. In this paper, we investigate its reliability through Monte Carlo simulations using calibrated business cycle models. Overall, Gali's methodology appears to be fruitful: the impulse responses derived from the artificial data generally have the same sign and qualitative pattern as the true responses, and the approach can be infor...
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作者：Gilboa, Y; Justman, M
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：We examine the trade-offs implicit in academic admissions standards when students are charged cost-based tuition and offered loans that remove liquidity constraints. Lowering entry requirements while holding graduation requirements fixed increases aggregate output and promotes a more equal distribution of wages, but reduces relative income mobility and diminishes the scope for affirmative action. Lowering admissions standards while raising graduation requirements, so that the number of graduat...
