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作者：Goetz, Alexander; Mayr, Harald; Schubert, Renate
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss National Bank (SNB); University of Zurich
摘要：Evaluations of economic interventions usually focus on one target behavior. This study extends the evaluation scope to multiple untargeted behaviors. We evaluate a hot water saving intervention in a natural field experiment. Despite an exclusive focus on hot water, the intervention changes multiple behaviors. Notably, we find a 5.6 percent reduction in room heating energy consumption that persists one year after the intervention. We show that the room heating spillover has important welfare im...
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作者：Christiansen, Tobias Gabel
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：Using a random audit program covering more than 17,000 tax returns, I study how tax audits affect the subsequent compliance behavior of self-employed with varying intentions to comply. Leveraging novel information provided by auditors on taxpayers' perceived willingness to comply, I find that unintentional noncompliers, driven by inattention or misunderstandings of the tax rules, exhibit higher compliance in subsequent years. This results in a revenue increase equivalent to 340% of the tax unc...
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作者：Ali, Umair; Brown, Jessica H.; Herbst, Chris M.
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：Immigrants comprise nearly 20% of the child care workforce in the U.S. This paper studies the impact of a major immigration enforcement policy, Secure Communities (SC), on the structure and functioning of the child care market. Relying on the staggered introduction of SC across counties between 2008 and 2014, we find that the program reduced children's participation in center -based child care programs. The estimated reductions are substantially larger among advantaged children and in jurisdic...
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作者：Kilian, Lutz; Zhou, Xiaoqing
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：We propose a new instrument for estimating the price elasticity of gasoline demand that exploits systematic differences across U.S. states in the pass -through of oil price shocks to retail gasoline prices. We show that these differences are primarily driven by the cost of producing and distributing gasoline, which varies with states' access to oil and gasoline transportation infrastructure, refinery technology, and environmental regulations, creating cross-sectional gasoline price shocks in r...
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作者：Mehlum, Halvor; Natvik, Gisle J.; Torvik, Ragnar
作者单位：University of Oslo; BI Norwegian Business School; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); BI Norwegian Business School
摘要：We present a model in which workers make occupational choices and vote over a tax rate which determines the level of government spending. Workers in occupations whose services are in high (low) demand by the government favor high (low) taxes. We show that the socially efficient size of the public sector cannot be supported in a political economic equilibrium. The reason is that equilibrium tax rates always reward excessive entry into the politically most powerful sector, and thus the equilibri...
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作者：Teles, Sabine Laudage; Riedel, Nadine; Strohmaier, Kristina
作者单位：University of Munster; University of Duisburg Essen
摘要：Multinational profit shifting is a major concern for low and middle income countries (LMICs). Many have enacted anti -profit shifting rules in order to constrain this type of tax avoidance behavior. Yet, not much is known on the rules' effects. We offer a first empirical assessment, providing two pieces of evidence: First, we draw on macro data for more than 120 LMICs for a 30 -year -period and show that the introduction of transfer pricing (TP) rules - provisions that constrain profit shiftin...
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作者：Kashner, Daniel; Stalinski, Mateusz
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Warwick
摘要：Blind adoption of opinions put forward by political parties and influential figures can sometimes be harmful. Focusing on cases where the partisan gap on policy support has not yet arisen, we investigate whether its formation can be prevented by encouraging prior active engagement with non-partisan information. To address this question, we recruited N=851 Republicans for a study about net neutrality, an issue largely unfamiliar to the electorate, which refers to equal treatment of all internet...
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作者：Abboud, Tatiana; Bellou, Andriana; Lewis, Joshua
作者单位：Universite de Montreal
摘要：This paper provides the first long-run assessment of adolescent alcohol control policies on later-life health and labor market outcomes. Our analysis exploits cross -state variation in the rollout of Zero Tolerance(ZT) Laws, which set strict alcohol limits for drivers under age 21 and led to sharp reductions in youth binge drinking. We adopt a difference-in-differences approach that combines information on state and year of birth to identify individuals exposed to the laws during adolescence a...
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作者：Doerrenberg, Philipp; Duncan, Denvil; Li, Danyang
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Hofstra University
摘要：Although a large literature has studied discrimination in the labor market, there is little evidence on sex- and race-based discrimination of workers against (potential) employers. We implement a randomized experiment in an online labor market to contribute to this gap in the literature. In our experiment, workers make labor-supply decisions after we randomly expose them to signals about the race and sex of the employer. Our empirical analysis provides fairly strong evidence that workers discr...
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作者：Kong, Dongmin; Liu, Chenhao
作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Peking University
摘要：This paper examines the impacts of the centralization of authority in the appointment of civil servants on the effectiveness of regulatory enforcement efforts. We exploit a unique personnel reform in China's Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs), which shifts the power to appoint local EPB directors from municipal governments to the provincial level. Based on detailed personnel records and administrative punishment data, we find that local EPB directors under centralized personnel authority ...
