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作者：Schmitz, H
作者单位：University of Sussex
摘要：This paper is concerned with the role of trust in export manufacturing. It asks how trust has developed in two industrial clusters which are located in developing countries and export most of their output to North America and Europe. The main conclusion is that trust was based initially on socio-cultural ties between clustered firms and later on conscious investments in inter-firm relationships. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Bernard, AB; Jensen, JB
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：A growing body of empirical work has documented the superior performance characteristics of exporting plants and firms relative to non-exporters. Employment: shipments, wages, productivity and capital intensity are all higher at exporters at any given moment. This paper asks, whether good firms become exporters or whether exporting improves firm performance. The evidence is quite clear on one point: good firms become exporters, both growth rates and levels of success measures are higher ex-ant...
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作者：Copeland, BR; Taylor, MS
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：We develop a simple two-sector dynamic model to show how pollution can provide a motive for trade by spatially separating incompatible industries. We assume that the production of Smokestack manufactures generates pollution, which lowers the productivity of an environmentally sensitive sector (Farming). Two identical, unregulated countries will gain from trade if the share of world income spent on Smokestack goods is high. In contrast, when the share of world income spent on the dirty good is ...
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作者：Ishikawa, J; Spencer, BJ
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Hitotsubashi University
摘要：This paper examines the implications of foreign or domestic imperfect competition in intermediate-goods supply for strategic trade policy. Assuming Cournot competition, an export subsidy aimed at shifting rents from foreign to domestic final-good producers may also shift rents to foreign suppliers, weakening the incentive for the subsidy. However, the incentive for a subsidy tends to increase if the intermediate-good industry is purely domestic or if the industry is purely foreign, but the sub...
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作者：Konuki, T
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper conducts a race between models in terms of their ability to explain observed violations of uncovered interest parity. This is done by comparing the empirical performance of the 'simple efficiency' hypothesis and the models which assume the existence of risk premiums. My analysis uses noise ratios which complement specification tests by showing the relative degree to which each model reconciles with the data. The empirical results imply that the risk premiums introduced by the latent...
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作者：Canzoneri, MB; Cumby, RE; Diba, B
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：The Balassa-Samuelson model, which explains real exchange rate movements in terms of sectoral productivities, rests on two components. First, it implies that the relative price of non-traded goods in each country should reflect the relative productivity of labor in the traded and non-traded goods sectors. Second, it assumes purchasing power parity holds for traded goods. We test both of these using a panel of OECD countries. Our results suggest that relative prices generally reflect relative l...
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作者：Harrigan, J
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：International trade economists typically assume that there are no cross-country differences in industry total factor productivity (TFP). In contrast, this paper finds large and persistent TFP differences across a group of industrialized countries in the 1980s. The paper calculates TFP indices, and statistically examines the sources of the observed large TFP differences across countries. Two hypotheses are examined to account for TFP differences: constant returns to scale production with countr...
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作者：Head, K; Ries, J
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：We analyze a panel of 230 Canadian manufacturing industries to investigate whether trade Liberalization promotes efficiency through increased scale. During the six years following the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, Canadian manufacturing exhibited substantial rationalization - a decline in the number of plants accompanied by increases in output per plant. We find that the bilateral tariff reductions had opposing effects on scale. Contraction induced by lower Canadian tariffs larg...
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作者：Furusawa, T
作者单位：Yokohama National University
摘要：The governments of two countries explicitly negotiate over a new pair of tariffs. As soon as they reach agreement, the countries put into effect the agreed-upon pair of tariffs, which must be self-enforcing. We investigate how the difference in the two governments' patience affects the negotiation results. Provided that the common optimum tariff is the status quo tariff rate for each country, we find that the country with the more patient government gains most from the negotiation if the time ...
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作者：Feenstra, RC; Yang, TH; Hamilton, GG
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：We analyze the impact of market structure on the trade performance of South Korea, Taiwan and Japan. South Korea has many large, vertically-integrated business groups known as 'chaebol' whereas business groups in Taiwan are smaller and more specialized in the production of intermediate inputs. We test the hypotheses mat a greater presence of business groups leads to less product variety but higher product quality, using data on exports from these countries to the United States. We find that Ta...
