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作者：Miyagiwa, Kaz; Ohno, Yuka
作者单位：Emory University; Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited
摘要：In the R&D-intensive industries, where technologies change rapidly, an innovative foreign firm may need to export greater than normal quantities to signal the level of the new technology it possesses. We find that such actions lead to sales below cost if the foreign firm has a relatively poor reputation for innovation, has a sufficiently high discount factor or possesses a new technology that significantly cuts its cost. We also show that antidumping reduces the costs of signaling, benefits th...
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作者：Alfaro, Laura; Hammel, Eliza
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Studying the relation between equity market liberalization and imports of capital goods, we examine one channel through which international financial integration can promote growth. For the period 1980-1997, we find that after controlling for other policies and fundamentals, stock market liberalizations are associated with a significant increase in the share of imports of machinery and equipment. We hypothesize this can be attributed to the consequences of financial integration, which allows a...
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作者：Anderson, James E.; Neary, J. Peter
作者单位：University College Dublin; Boston College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We show that the effects of tariff changes on welfare and import volume are fully characterised by their effects on the generalised mean and variance of the tariff distribution, implying two cones of liberalisation in commodity price space. Because welfare is negatively but import volume positively related to the generalised variance, the cones do not intersect, which poses a policy dilemma. We present a new radial tariff reform rule, which implies new results for welfare- and market-access-im...
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作者：Greenaway, David; Guariglia, Alessandra; Kneller, Richard
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：Is financial health a determinant of export market participation? Is it an outcome? Using a panel of 9292 UK manufacturing firms over the period 1993-2003, we explore the links between firms' financial health and their export market participation decisions. We find that exporters exhibit better financial health than non-exporters. Yet, when we differentiate between continuous exporters and starters, we see that this result is driven by the former. Starters generally display low liquidity and h...
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作者：Osler, Carol
作者单位：Brandeis University
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作者：Lin, Ping; Saggi, Kamal
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Lingnan University
摘要：How does the nature of contractual relationships between a multinational and its local suppliers affect backward linkages and welfare in the local industry? We address this question in a two-fier oligopoly model where a multinational transfers technology to its suppliers if they accept an exclusive contract that precludes them from serving its local rivals. Invited suppliers balance the benefits of gaining access to new technology and the derived demand of the multinational against the opportu...
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作者：Markusen, James R.; Venables, Anthony J.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Oxford; National Bureau of Economic Research; University College Dublin
摘要：We provide a synthetic analysis of the different ways in which countries participate in the world economy. Classic trade questions are reconsidered by generalizing a factor-proportions model to multiple countries, multiple goods or multi-stage production, and country-specific trade costs. Each country's production specialization, trade and welfare is determined by the interaction between its relative endowment and its trade costs. We consider the effects of allowing one good to 'fragment' into...
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作者：Walde, Klaus; Weiss, Pia
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; Technische Universitat Chemnitz; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：A country with Cournot competition and free entry experiences an increase of its market size either due to economic growth or international integration of its goods markets. This implied increase in competition leads to shrinking mark-ups and forces firms to reduce overhead costs relative to output. This implies a reallocation at the aggregate level from administrative to productive activities. Relative factor rewards change and wage inequality increases. The factor which loses in relative ter...
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作者：Tanaka, Hitoshi; Iwaisako, Tatsuro; Futagami, Koichi
作者单位：Ritsumeikan University; University of Osaka; University of Osaka
摘要：This paper develops a quality-ladder type dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous innovation and technology licensing as a major source of international technology transfer in developing countries. Examining the dynamic characteristics of the model fully, we explore the short- and long-run effects of both an improvement in the probability of reaching a licensing agreement with a given effort and an increase in the license fee rate. The model shows that the former promotes innovation ...
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作者：Bergstrand, Jeffrey H.; Egger, Peter
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; University of Notre Dame; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper addresses two important issues at the nexus of the literatures on international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign affiliate sales (FAS), and multinational enterprises (MNEs). First, the introduction of a third internationally-mobile factor (physical capital) to the standard 2 x 2 x 2 knowledge capital model of MNEs with skilled and unskilled labor allows us to resolve fairly readily the puzzle in the modem MNE literature that foreign affiliate sales among two identical...
