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作者:University of Vermont
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作者:University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
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作者:Radboud University Nijmegen
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作者:Princeton University
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作者:State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
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作者:Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
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作者:University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要:I analyze the adult age at death of 115,650 European nobles from 800 to 1800. Longevity began increasing long before 1800 and the Industrial Revolution, with marked increases around 1400 and again around 1650. Declines in violent deaths from battle contributed to some of this increase, but the majority must reflect other changes in individual behavior. There are historic spatial contours to European elite mortality; Northwest Europe achieved greater adult lifespans than the rest of Europe even...
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作者:Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Northwestern University; Tel Aviv University; Northwestern University; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要:We use annual information on apprenticeships in England between 1710-1805 to estimate the dynamic supply-responsiveness in this market in the presence of the increasingly powerful technological shocks as the Industrial Revolution proceeded apace. Using both an Instrumental Variable method and a dynamic Vector Autoregression framework (VAR) system to identify the long-run response functions, we find evidence of an elastic supply, sufficiently high as to allow quantities to rise considerably in ...
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作者:Universite de Montreal
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作者:University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要:An important unknown in understanding the impact of climate change is the scope of adaptation, which requires observations on historical time scales. We consider how weather across U.S. history (1860-2000) has affected various measures of productivity. Using cross-sectional and panel methods, we document significant responses of agricultural and individual productivity to weather. We find strong effects of hotter and wetter weather early in U.S. history, but these effects have generally been a...