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作者：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Australian National University
摘要：Between 1880 and 1910, Japanese exports increased in volume, changed composition, and shifted from leading industrialized countries toward poorer Asian neighbors. Using a new dataset disaggregated by product and trade partner for the universe of Japanese exports, we find extensive margins accounted for 30 percent of export growth, with trade costs and market size associated with successful market entry. There was also considerable persistence in maintaining market presence and exit was rare. T...
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作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Bristol
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作者：University of Warwick; Harvard University
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作者：Australian National University
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作者：Trinity College
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作者：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Beliefs shape the choices of institutions. Beliefs are generally stable, but shocks that cause sufficiently unexpected economic and political outcomes make beliefs malleable. Within these windows of opportunity, leadership can play a role in shaping a new belief among the dominant organizations that in turn generates new institutions and over time a possible transition to a new developmental trajectory.
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作者：Amherst College
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作者：American University; University of Iowa; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the effect of political uncertainty on economic outcomes using the case of Huey Long's tenure as governor and senator of Louisiana during the Great Depression. Based on primary sources, we construct two well-established measures of uncertainty specifically for Louisiana: stock price volatility and newspaper mentions of terms related to uncertainty and the economy. Combining these uncertainty measures with employment data from the Census of Manufactures, we attempt to identify the effe...
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作者：Vanderbilt University
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作者：Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：This article provides an overview of recent literature on plagues and other lethal epidemics, covering the period from late Antiquity to ca. 1800. We analyze the main environmental and institutional factors that shaped both the way in which a plague originated and spread and its overall demographic and socioeconomic consequences. We clarify how the same pathogen shows historically different epidemiological characteristics, and how apparently similar epidemics could have deeply different conseq...
