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作者：University of California System; University of California Irvine
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作者：Panizza, Ugo
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作者：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：This study examines intergenerational mobility in China over 6 centuries using unique genealogical data on father-son pairs from 7 clans in Tongcheng County. Covering 18 generations and approximately 40,000 individuals, the analysis spans a broad set of social classes, from ordinary people to jinshi degree holders. The findings indicate that although social mobility was slow to change, mobility nonetheless underwent a sizable increase during the seventeenth century. The timing of the trends co...
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作者：Northeastern University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：This paper studies the labor market impact of the Rosenwald Schools Initiative, a school construction program in the early twentieth-century South. Using a new sample linking Social Security and census records, we find that exposure to Rosenwald schools raised Black women's labor force participation and occupational standing in 1940; however, we find little evidence that Black men's occupational standing significantly improved. Blacks made no discernible gains in jobs where they were underrepr...
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作者：Queens University Belfast
摘要：How do different types of investors perform during financial bubbles? Using a rich archival source, we explore investor performance during the British bicycle mania of the 1890s. We find that directors and employees of cycle companies reduced their holdings substantially during the crash. Those holding shares after the crash were generally not from groups stereotypically thought of as na & iuml;ve, but gentlemen living near a stock exchange, who had sufficient time, money, and opportunity to e...
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作者：Husson University
摘要：This research shows that droughts are robustly associated with city-level unrest in Europe over the years 900 to 1800 ce. This relationship is non-linear, with disproportionately greater increases in the probability of a conflict among droughts in the upper tail of the severity distribution. Elected city governments are relatively immune to drought-induced conflict, while those based on representation by burghers or guilds are not. These results suggest that local governments are key to mainta...
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作者：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Luxembourg; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Messina-Reggio Calabria Earthquake (1908) was one of the most devastating natural disasters in modern European history. It occurred when overseas mass emigration from southern Italy was at its peak and international borders were open, making emigration a readily available option for relief. We find that the earthquake had no large positive impact on emigration on average. There were, however, heterogeneous responses, with a more positive effect where agricultural day laborers comprised a l...
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作者：University of Namur; University of Notre Dame; University of Kent
摘要：We examine how political participation and political competition are shaped by two class-based extensions of the franchise in twentieth-century India. Creating a new dataset of district-level political outcomes between 1920 and 1957, we find that both the partial franchise extension of 1935 and the universal suffrage reform of 1950 led to limited increases in citizen participation as voters or candidates, and neither reform had a significant effect on increasing political competition. Despite ...
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作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University College Dublin
摘要：We use the universe of probate and vital registers from England between 1838 and 2018 to document the status of the Irish in England. We identify the Irish in the records as those individuals with distinctively Irish surnames. From at least the mid-nineteenth century to 2018, we find that the Irish in England have persisted as an underclass, being on average 50 percent poorer than the English. Infant mortality was about 25 percent higher for the Irish between the 1830s and the mid-twentieth ce...
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作者：University of Gothenburg; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
