作者：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm University; Stockholm University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
作者：University of California System; University of California Irvine
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Dartmouth College
摘要：The Great Depression was marked by a severe outbreak of protectionist trade policies. But contrary to the presumption that all countries scrambled to raise trade barriers, there was substantial cross-country variation in the movement to protectionism. Specifically, countries that remained on the gold standard resorted to tariffs, import quotas, and exchange controls to a greater extent than countries that went off gold. Just as the gold standard constraint on monetary policy is critical to und...
作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were more than twice as responsive as whites to income transfers in their retirement decisions and 6 to 8 times as responsive in their choice of independent living arrangements, My findings have implications for understanding racial differences in rates of retirement and independent living at the beginning of the twentieth century, the rise in re...
作者：University of California System; University of California Davis
