Pensions and Retirement Among Black Union Army Veterans

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-0507
• DOI: 10.1017/S0022050710000549
• 发表日期: 2010
• 页码: 567-592
• 关键词: elderly living arrangements; family-structure; social-security; UNITED-STATES; older males; RACE

摘要

I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were more than twice as responsive as whites to income transfers in their retirement decisions and 6 to 8 times as responsive in their choice of independent living arrangements, My findings have implications for understanding racial differences in rates of retirement and independent living at the beginning of the twentieth century, the rise in retirement prior to 1930, and the subsequent covergence in black-white retirement rates and living arrangements.