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作者：Bau, Natalie; Khanna, Gaurav; Low, Corinne; Shah, Manisha; Sharmin, Sreyashi; Voena, Alessandra
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic brought the dual crises of disease and the containment policies designed to mitigate it. Yet, there is little evidence on the impacts of these policies on women in lower-income countries, where there may be limited social safety nets to absorb these shocks. We conduct a large phone survey and leverage India's geographically varied containment policies to estimate the association between the pandemic and containment policies and measures of women's well-being, including me...
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作者：Liang, Yan
作者单位：Deakin University
摘要：This study examines how costly financial contracting and weak contract enforcement influence firms' outsourcing decisions. A multisector neoclassical model in which external investors can play a role in monitoring suppliers is developed. Financial development improves investors' monitoring efficiency and encourages firms to outsource more production, particularly to suppliers that are more dependent on external finance. The global financial crisis is used along with firm-level data from the Un...
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作者：Guo, Juncong; Qu, Xi
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：In Asian countries, especially China, household investments in children's human capital have drawn consid-erable attention. In this paper, we examine the existence and strength of competition in these investments. We use data from a representative survey of middle-school students in China, focus on students with random assignments to classrooms, and construct peer-effect models. We introduce five investments, namely, two out -of-household and three intra-household investments, including money,...
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作者：Onder, Yasin Kursat
作者单位：Ghent University
摘要：This paper investigates the trade-offs of introducing an extra line of credit in an emergency situation with a quantitative sovereign default model. I show that temporary access to these lines for up to 3 percent of mean annual income during low liquidity periods yields long-term effects with a lower cost of borrowing but with incentives to accumulate higher debt. Permanent access, however, has only short-lived effects because temporal arrangement better completes the markets and induces marke...
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作者：Lagarde, Mylene; Blaauw, Duane
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Witwatersrand
摘要：Overtreatment is widespread in health, with potentially dire consequences for patients, health systems and public health. It may be fueled by providers when they do not bear the cost of treatment (moral hazard), even they do not profit financially from it (i.e. benevolent providers). We test this hypothesis by creating an exogeneous change in the incentives faced by private doctors in South Africa. We find that provider moral hazard has no effect on overtreatment in volume but fuels overtreatm...
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作者：McIntosh, Craig; Zeitlin, Andrew
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Georgetown University
摘要：We use a randomized experiment to benchmark a workforce training program to cash transfers in Rwanda. Conducted in a sample of poor and underemployed youth, this study measures the impact of the training program relative not only to a control group, but also to the counterfactual of simply disbursing the cost of the program directly to beneficiaries in cash. The training program was successful in improving a number of core outcomes, including productive hours, assets, savings, and subjective w...
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作者：Coutts, Alexander
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：Use of lab-in-the-field experiments has steadily increased, given benefits of studying relevant populations and their preferences. In the field, researchers must often relinquish the control of a standard laboratory, raising the specter of communication from past to future participants. Little is known about the consequences of such spillovers, and recent literature indicates variation in how authors deal with them. I provide estimates of communication spillovers using existing data from publi...
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作者：Fu, Shihe; Viard, V. Brian; Zhang, Peng
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
摘要：The economic costs of trans-boundary pollution spillovers versus local effects is necessary to evaluate centralized versus decentralized environmental policies. Directly estimating these for air pollution is difficult because spillovers are high-frequency and vary with distance while economic outcomes are usually measured with low-frequency and local pollution is endogenous. We develop an approach to quantify local versus spillover effects as a flexible function of distance utilizing commonly-...
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作者：Laajaj, Rachid; Moya, Andres; Sanchez, Fabio
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：We study the ex ante motivational effect of a nationwide merit and need-based scholarship in Colombia, which granted full scholarships to low-income students at high-quality universities. Specifically, we analyze how the opportunity to receive the scholarship, influenced the performance of low-income students in the national high-school exit and 9th grade exams, and their university enrollment rates. Following a differences-in-discontinuity design, we find that the opportunity to receive the s...
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作者：Gunnsteinsson, Snaebjorn; Molina, Teresa; Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Christian, Parul; Labrique, Alain; Sugimoto, Jonathan; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; West, Keith P.
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University
摘要：Environmental disasters have increased in frequency and intensity as a result of climate change. Can timely intervention help protect against the health impacts of these disasters? We study this question by leveraging data from a double-blind cluster-randomized controlled trial of at-birth vitamin A supplementation, which boosts immune system functioning, in Bangladesh. During the trial, a large tornado swept through the study area, affecting both treatment and control clusters. Tornado exposu...
