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作者：Mensah, Justice Tei
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：To what extent does unreliable electricity provision pervasive in many African countries affect job creation in the region? I address this question by assembling household and firm-level data from 29 African countries along with unique project-level data on foreign direct investment (FDI). Leveraging several quasi-experimental approaches, I find that outages have a non-trivial negative impact on employment. The effect is driven by a reduction in employment in non-agricultural sectors and skill...
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作者：Zhao, Chuanmin; Qu, Xi
作者单位：Beijing Jiaotong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Using both reduced-form methods and structural modeling, we identify the relationship between place-based policies and individual bargaining power in rural China. Exposure to economic zones significantly increases women's resource shares and reduces within-household inequality. The results are mainly driven by economic zones with female-dominated industries and women's sectoral reallocation from agricultural to non-agriculture employment. Moreover, we analyze the impact of place-based policies...
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作者：Miguel, Edward; Roland, Gerard
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
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作者：Deb, Saubhik; Joseph, George; Andres, Luis Alberto; Zabludovsky, Jonathan Grabinsky
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper reports the findings of a cluster -randomized control study to assess the impact of India ' s flagship sanitation program, as implemented in Punjab, that aimed to eliminate the practice of open defecation and improve the awareness and practice of good hygiene across rural Punjab. The study finds that the program interventions specific to the Gram Panchayats (villages) had a modest effect on improving access to toilets and reducing open defecation among households with children in ru...
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作者：Choi, Syngjoo; Hahn, Kyu Sup; Kim, Byung-Yeon; Lee, Eungik; Lee, Jungmin; Lee, Sokbae
作者单位：New York University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper investigates whether experiences of living in a communist regime relate to low market earnings. We recruit North Korean refugees and measure their implicit bias against South Korea by using the Implicit Association Test. Conducting double auction and bilateral bargaining market experiments, we find that North Korean refugees with a larger bias against South Korea have lower expectations about their earning potential, exhibit trading behavior with lower target profits, and earn less ...
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作者：Li, Hongbin; Meng, Lingsheng; Mu, Kai; Wang, Shaoda
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Hong Kong; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper studies the unintended effect of English language requirement on educational inequality by investigating how the staggered rollout of English listening tests in China's high -stakes National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) affected the rural-urban gap in college access. Leveraging administrative data covering the universe of NCEE participants between 1999 and 2003, we find that the introduction of English listening tests significantly lowered rural students' exam score percentile ranks...
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作者：Sviatschi, Maria Micaela; Trako, Iva
作者单位：Princeton University; The World Bank
摘要：In many developing countries, access to justice remains unequal, especially for women. What are the implications of this inequality for gender-based violence and investments in children? This paper provides evidence from Peru's women's justice centers (WJCs), which are specialized institutions that provide police, medical and legal services to reduce gender-based violence. Examining the gradual rollout of WJCs across districts and villages, we find that the opening of a center reduces the inci...
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作者：Davies, Elwyn; Deffebach, Peter; Iacovone, Leonardo; Mckenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank; Boston University; The World Bank
摘要：Standard in -person business training programs are costly and difficult to scale to the millions of microenterprises in the developing world. We conduct an experiment to test the feasibility, cost -savings, and impact of delivering live training sessions over Zoom to microentrepreneurs in Mexico and Guatemala. We demonstrate that it is now feasible to both recruit and train self-employed women online, covering a wide geographic area, with few technology issues. However, the cost -savings over ...
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作者：Zanoni, Wladimir; Diaz, Lina
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：The increasing number of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, which now exceeds 2.9 million, has raised concerns about their potential discrimination and socioeconomic integration. We propose a novel approach to studying discrimination in the housing rental market by conducting a multi-purpose field experiment with 574 real estate agents to, not only measure the extent of discrimination but also to explore its determinants. After gathering comprehensive data about the Real Estate Agents (REAs), th...
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作者：Siddique, Abu
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：I investigate how long-term exposure to religious schooling affects economic behavior of children. To identify the effect of religious schooling, I study residential schools for orphans in Bangladesh that differ in terms of religious curriculum and social environment, limit transmission of beliefs and preferences from parents to children following being orphaned, make social learning by children limited after school enrollment, and mitigate issues concerning endogenous school choice by parents...
