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作者：Charris, Carlos; Branco, Danyelle; Carrillo, Bladimir
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Catolica de Brasilia
摘要：Using a uniquely rich set of data sources spanning more than 3,000 Brazilian municipalities over a horizon of 25 years, we investigate the effects of changes in local economic conditions generated by a trade liberalization reform on infant mortality. We exploit variation in import tariff reductions, together with differences in the baseline industry composition across locations, for identification. We find that areas with greater exposure to the trade-induced economic shock experienced a large...
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作者：Araujo, Daniel; Barreto, Yuri; Castro, Danny; Tigre, Robson
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
摘要：Modern slavery is a major global concern, with an estimated 49.7 million people enslaved in 2022. This paper explores the impact of illegal markets on this phenomenon, focusing on the complete shutdown of the mahogany market in the late 90s in Brazil. Utilizing a quasi-experimental research design that exploits the natural variation in the occurrence of mahogany trees in Brazilian municipalities, we employ novel administrative data on labor inspections to assess the effects of this shutdown on...
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作者：Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Kukharskyy, Bohdan; Roland, Gerard
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Casual observation suggests that cultural differences play an important role in business transactions, yet systematic evidence on this relationship is scarce. This paper provides a novel investigation of the effect of cultural distance on multinational firms' decisions to integrate their cooperation partners into firm boundaries, rather than transact with independent companies at arm's-length. To guide our empirical analysis, we develop a simple theoretical model which suggests that (i) cultur...
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作者：Qian, Ruoyu
作者单位：Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：This paper examines how communist propaganda affects gender norms and behavior in China. Improving women's status and promoting gender equality were significant themes of revolutionary propaganda in China from the 1950s to the 1970s. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation resulting from topography, I find that exposure to radio broadcasts during the Cultural Revolution improved educational gender equality, and such effects were stronger in areas with weaker Confucian norms. Using individual-...
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作者：Cui, Xiaomeng; Tang, Qu
作者单位：University of Jinan
摘要：More extreme heat events are expected under climate change, posing threats to food production as well as the lives of agriculture-dependent rural households. Using a detailed panel of rural households in an agricultural region of China, we find extreme heat substantially decreases crop production and lowers households' agricultural returns. Nevertheless, the households successfully smooth their consumption contemporaneously by utilizing precautionarily saved buffers (liquid financial assets an...
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作者：Clemens, Michael A.; Mendola, Mariapia
作者单位：George Mason University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of Milano-Bicocca
摘要：The economic causes and effects of migration from developing countries depend on patterns of self-selection that are difficult to observe. We estimate the degree of migrant self-selection-on both observed and unobserved determinants of income-for 99 developing countries using nationally representative survey data on 653,613 people. In low-income countries, people actively preparing to emigrate have 14 percent higher incomes explained by observed traits such as schooling, and 12 percent higher ...
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作者：Perra, Elena; Sanfilippo, Marco; Sundaram, Asha
作者单位：University of Turin; University of Auckland
摘要：We examine the impact of competition from better connectivity to domestic markets on formal and informal firms. Combining geolocalized information on road improvements under a large infrastructure investment programme with data on manufacturing firms in Ethiopia between 2001 and 2013, we show that an increase in competition is associated with higher labour productivity, capital-intensity, investment in physical capital and wages in the formal sector. On the contrary, there is no associated inc...
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作者：Howell, Anthony
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：This paper explores the implications for economic recovery of a rural road stimulus program in China that led to the sudden suspension of local matching mandates. The main results reveal that a temporary cost share exemption stimulates short-term income growth in treated villages. As an explanation, I find that a cost share exemption leads to larger increases on local investment mainly on allied road improvements and to a lesser extent support for rural enterprise development and agricultural ...
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作者：Mougin, Elisa
作者单位：Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON)
摘要：What is the impact of television during periods of political crisis? This paper examines the nullification of the 2017 presidential election in Kenya, followed by the organization of a repeat ballot, which sparked widespread protests and heightened uncertainty. Leveraging exogenous variations in television signal expansion since 2013, I assess the influence of television reception on voter turnout in both the initial and repeat ballots, as well as on electoral protests. The findings reveal tha...
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作者：Dupraz, Yannick; Simson, Rebecca
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; University of Oxford
摘要：Is elite persistence weaker in Africa than in other parts of the world, given historical barriers to intergenerational inheritance of status, such as limited private property rights and frequent economic and political crises? In the absence of linked intergenerational data, we use name analysis to address this question. Using surnames associated with two Sierra Leonean elites, Krio descendants of settlers and members of chiefly lineages, we measure elite persistence in politics, education and ...
