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作者：Gallego, Francisco A.; Tessada, Jose A.
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：While the aggregate effects of sudden stops and international financial crises are well known, the disaggregated channels through which they work are not well explored yet. In this paper, using job flows from a sectoral panel dataset for four Latin American countries, we find that sudden stops are characterized as periods of lower job creation and increased job destruction. Moreover, these effects are heterogeneous across sectors: we find that when a sudden stop occurs, sectors with higher dep...
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作者：Hoyland, Bjorn; Moene, Karl; Willumsen, Fredrik
作者单位：University of Oslo; Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)
摘要：International index rankings are popular, but perhaps too persuasive. They emphasize country differences where similarity is the dominant feature. Rankings based on Doing Business, the Human Development Index and Freedom House can be misleading, not because of wrong indicators, but because the estimation of the scores ignores inherent uncertainty. Re-estimated with a method that captures this uncertainty, it becomes clear that ranking every adjacent country is a rather courageous activity. (C)...
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作者：Mundlak, Yair; Butzer, Rita; Larson, Donald F.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; The World Bank
摘要：Economic growth involves reallocating resources from traditional to new techniques of production, creating new relationships between particular resources and productivity. The paper analyzes the implications of this process on the estimation of agricultural production functions using a panel of countries. The data includes a measure of capital in agriculture absent from most studies. We employ a heterogeneous technology framework where implemented technology is chosen jointly with inputs to in...
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作者：Brandt, Loren; Van Biesebroeck, Johannes; Zhang, Yifan
作者单位：KU Leuven; University of Toronto; Lingnan University
摘要：We present the first comprehensive set of firm-level total factor productivity (TFP) estimates for China's manufacturing sector that spans China's entry into the WTO. For our preferred estimate, which adjusts for a number of potential sources of measurement error and bias, the weighted average annual productivity growth for incumbents is 2.85% for a gross output production function and 7.96% for a value added production function over the period 1998-2007. This is among the highest compared to ...
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作者：Freund, Caroline; Pierola, Martha Denisse
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：How can developing countries stimulate and sustain strong export growth? To answer this question, we examine 92 episodes of export surges, defined as significant increases in manufacturing export growth that are sustained for at least 7 years. We find that export surges in developing countries tend to be preceded by a large real depreciation, which leaves the exchange rate significantly undervalued. In contrast, in developed countries, the role of the exchange rate is less pronounced. We exami...
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作者：Inklaar, Robert; Yang, Jing
作者单位：University of Groningen
摘要：Financial crises can have severe negative effects on investment. One reason for this is that financial crises increase uncertainty, increasing the real option value of delaying investment. In this paper, we show that the negative effect of crises on investment differs significantly across countries: in countries with low tolerance for uncertainty, the negative effect is strong. The negative effect is absent in countries that are more tolerant of uncertainty. These findings are similar across d...
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作者：Li, Hongbin; Liu, Pak Wai; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; Tsinghua University
摘要：This paper empirically estimates the return to education using twins data that the authors collected from urban China. Our ordinary least-squares estimate shows that one year of schooling increases an individual's earnings by 8.4%. If we use a within-twin fixed effects model, the return is reduced to 2.7%, but rises to 3.8% after the correction of measurement error. These results suggest that a large portion of the estimated returns to education is due to omitted ability or the family effect. ...
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作者：Mani, Subha; Hoddinott, John; Strauss, John
作者单位：Fordham University; University of Southern California
摘要：We examine the cumulative impact of early schooling investments on later schooling outcomes using enrollment status and relative grade attainment as short-run and long-run measures of schooling. Using a child-level longitudinal data set from rural Ethiopia, we estimate a dynamic conditional schooling demand function where the coefficient estimate on the lagged dependent variable captures the impact of all previous period schooling inputs and resources. We find that a child who is enrolled in t...
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作者：Karaivanov, Alexander
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：Financial constraints and entrepreneurship are key factors affecting economic performance in developing countries. I formulate and solve a model of occupational choice with moral hazard under three alternative financial market environments: savings only, borrowing and lending with default and moral hazard constrained insurance. I use computationally efficient techniques based on mechanism design, genetic algorithms and maximum likelihood to estimate and statistically test these models of finan...
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作者：Bastos, Paulo; Cristia, Julian
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Many developing countries have adopted the market approach for expanding the supply of child care, but little is known about the economic behavior of independent providers. Drawing on uniquely rich census data on child care providers from Sao Paulo, we document three main facts: (1) the stock of private suppliers is considerably larger in high-income city districts; (2) the quality of private provision - as measured by teachers' schooling, group size and equipment - is highly heterogeneous acr...
