-
作者：de Mendonca, Helder Ferreira; de Guimaraes e Souza, Gustavo Jose
作者单位：Universidade Federal Fluminense; Universidade de Brasilia
摘要：Since the 1990s inflation targeting (IT) has been adopted by several central banks as a strategy for monetary policy. It is expected that the adoption of this monetary regime can reduce inflation and inflation volatility. This article is concerned with these issues and makes use of the Propensity Score Matching methodology on a sample of 180 countries for the period from 1990 to 2007. For analysis, the sample is split into two sets of countries (advanced and developing). The findings suggest t...
-
作者：Tandon, Sharad
摘要：This paper uses the Indian tariff reforms of the early nineties to estimate how voters hurt by economic reforms respond. Regions more hurt by the tariff reform increased their support for both the party that initiated their suffering and parties with similar preferences in favor of poverty-centric policies. This response is surprisingly sophisticated, where voters did not simply punish incumbents for negative income shocks and correctly discounted initial anti-reform stances by opposition part...
-
作者：Deininger, Klaus; Carletto, Calogero; Savastano, Sara; Muwonge, James
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Rome Tor Vergata
摘要：Although good and timely information on agricultural production is critical for policy-decisions, the quality of underlying data is often low and improving data quality could have high payoff. We use data from a production diary, administered concurrently with a standard household survey in Uganda to analyze the nature and incidence of responses, the magnitude of differences in reported outcomes, and factors that systematically affect these. Despite limited central supervision, diaries elicite...
-
作者：Lybbert, Travis J.; McPeak, John
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Syracuse University
摘要：Most decisions involve variability in two dimensions: uncertainty across states of nature and fluctuations over time. The stakes involved in tradeoffs between these variability dimensions are especially high for the poor who have difficulty managing and recovering from shocks. We assume Epstein and Zin recursive preferences and estimate risk aversion and intertemporal substitution as distinct preferences using data from Kenyan herders. Results suggest that the assumption implicit in additive e...
-
作者：Akresh, Richard; Lucchetti, Leonardo; Thirumurthy, Harsha
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：Conflict between and within countries can have lasting health and economic consequences, but identifying such effects can be empirically challenging. This paper uses household survey data from Eritrea to estimate the effect of exposure to the 1998-2000 Eritrea-Ethiopia war on children's health. The identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in the conflict's geographic extent and timing and the exposure of different birth cohorts to the fighting. The unique survey data include detail...
-
作者：Bosch, Mariano; Esteban-Pretel, Julen
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：In developing economies, the fraction of informal workers can be as high as 70% of total employment. For economies with significant informal sectors, business cycle fluctuations and labor market policy interventions can have important effects not only on the unemployment rate, but also on the allocation of workers across regulated and unregulated jobs. In this paper, using worker flows data from Brazil, we build, calibrate, and simulate a two-sector search and matching labor market model, in w...
-
作者：Gorgens, Tue; Meng, Xin; Vaithianathan, Rhema
作者单位：Australian National University; University of Auckland
摘要：Many developing countries experience famine. If survival is related to height, the increasingly common practice of using height as a measure of well-being may be misleading. We devise a novel method for disentangling the stunting from the selection effects of famine. Using data from the 1959-1961 Great Chinese Famine, we find that taller children were more likely to survive the famine. Controlling for selection, we estimate that children under the age of five who survived the famine grew up to...
-
作者：Guenther, Isabel; Launov, Andrey
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：There is an ongoing debate among researchers and policy makers, whether informal sector employment is a result of competitive market forces or labor market segmentation. More recently it has been argued that none of the two theories sufficiently explains informal employment, but that the informal sector shows a heterogenous structure. For some workers the informal sector is an attractive employment opportunity, whereas for others - rationed out of the formal sector - the informal sector is a s...
-
作者：Sharp, Paul; Strulik, Holger; Weisdorf, Jacob
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：This study constructs a simple, two-sector Malthusian model with agriculture and industry, and uses it to identify the determinants of income in a Malthusian equilibrium. We make standard assumptions about preferences and technologies, but in contrast to existing studies we assume that children and other consumption goods are gross substitutes. Consistent with the conventional Malthusian model, the present theory shows that productivity growth in agriculture has no effect on equilibrium income...
-
作者：Cole, Shawn; Healy, Andrew; Werker, Eric
作者单位：Harvard University; Loyola Marymount University
摘要：Using rainfall, public relief, and election data from India, we examine how governments respond to adverse shocks and how voters react to these responses. The data show that voters punish the incumbent party for weather events beyond its control. However, fewer voters punish the ruling party when its government responds vigorously to the crisis, indicating that voters reward the government for responding to disasters. We also find evidence suggesting that voters only respond to rainfall and go...
