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作者：Baland, Jean-Marie; Guirkinger, Catherine; Hartwig, Renate
作者单位：University of Namur; University of Passau
摘要：We start from the observation that, in fixed roscas in Sub-Saharan African, members often prefer to take the last turn. We argue that, when exchanges of turns are allowed during a cycle, a late turn allows to request the pot when an urgent need arises. Survey data indicate that insurance needs are critical in determining the preferred position of rosca members. We develop a theoretical model to formalize the argument and show that the preference for the last position requires that the probabil...
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作者：Eberhard-Ruiz, Andreas; Moradi, Alexander
作者单位：University of Sussex; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; University of Oxford; Stellenbosch University
摘要：We investigate the spatial impact of the establishment of a regional economic community between Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in 2001. Measuring economic activity using satellite imagery of lights emanating from Earth at night, we demonstrate that cities near the community's internal borders expanded more than cities further away. The growth effect is temporary and highly localized: only cities less than 90 min of travel from the border experienced an acceleration in growth rates; after four yea...
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作者：Umana-Dajud, Camilo
摘要：Travel visas impose additional costs to firms engaging in international trade. This paper exploits a natural experiment provided by the Schengen Agreement to document a large causal negative impact of visas on goods trade. The introduction of a visa, requested by a single Schengen Area member, considerably reduced bilateral trade flows of Ecuador and Bolivia with the members of the border-control free zone other than Spain. I show that the negative impact of visas is much larger for differenti...
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作者：Ku, Hyejin
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper studies a fair trade program in which consumers provide a wage subsidy (bonus) to piece-rate tomato pickers. The total subsidy determined by sales to participating buyers is divided among workers based on their relative output: a worker who produces more gets a larger share of the bonus. Although seemingly mimicking the existing piece-rate pay scheme, the mechanism associated with the bonus payment is really a relative performance evaluation, as the size of total bonus is exogenous ...
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作者：Cherniwchan, Jevan; Moreno-Cruz, Juan
作者单位：University of Alberta; University of Waterloo; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Columbus's arrival in the New World triggered an unprecedented movement of people and crops across the Atlantic Ocean. We study a largely overlooked part of this Columbian Exchange: the effects of New World crops in Africa. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the introduction of maize increased population density and slave exports in precolonial Africa. We find robust empirical support for these predictions. We also find little evidence to suggest maize increased economic growth or reduc...
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作者：Di Maio, Michele; Nistico, Roberto
作者单位：Parthenope University Naples; University of Naples Federico II
摘要：We study the effect of parental job loss on child school dropout in developing countries. We focus on Palestinian households living in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and having the household head employed in Israel during the Second Intifada (2000-2006). We exploit quarterly variation in conflict intensity across districts in the OPT to instrument for Palestinian workers' job loss in Israel. Our 2SLS results show that parental job loss increases child school dropout probability by 9 perc...
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作者：Shrestha, Maheshwor
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：I analyze the migration response to incidents of migrant deaths to understand how potential work migrants infer underlying mortality rates. In the context of migrant workers from Nepal to Malaysia and the Persian Gulf countries, I find that incidents of migrant deaths in district-destination cell lower migration outflows in subsequent months, but do not affect prices or job characteristics. Furthermore, the migration response is stronger when there have been streaks of migrant deaths in recent...
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作者：Bargain, Olivier; Boutin, Delphine; Champeaux, Hugues
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
摘要：Egyptian women have played an unprecedented role in the Arab Spring democratic movement, possibly changing women's perception about their own rights and role. We question whether these events have translated into better outcomes within Egyptian households. We conjecture that potential changes must have been heterogeneous and depended on the local intensity of protests and women's participation over 2011-13. We exploit the geographical heterogeneity along these two margins to conduct a double d...
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作者：Phadera, Lokendra; Michelson, Hope; Winter-Nelson, Alex; Goldsmith, Peter
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; The World Bank
摘要：We estimate the impact of an asset transfer program on household resilience. We measure resilience as the probability that a household will sustain at least the threshold asset level required to support consumption above the poverty line. Using six rounds of data collected over 42 months in rural Zambia, we construct a measure of resilience based on households' conditional welfare distributions to estimate program impacts. We find that the program increased household resilience; beneficiaries'...
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作者：Boltz, Marie; Marazyan, Karine; Villar, Paola
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; University of Namur; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We estimate the hidden cost of social obligations to redistribute exploiting data from a controlled setting in urban Senegal, which combines lab-in-the-field measures and out-of-lab follow-up data. We estimate a social tax of about 9 percent. When given the opportunity to get hidden income, individuals decrease by 26 percent the share of gains they transfer to kin - mostly outside the household - and increase health and personal expenses. We expand on prior literature by both identifying the i...
