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作者：Bargain, Olivier; Lacroix, Guy; Tiberti, Luca
作者单位：Universite de Bordeaux; Laval University; Universite de Montreal; University of Florence
摘要：Welfare analyses conducted by policy practitioners around the world usually rely on equivalised or per capita expenditures and ignore the extent of within-household inequality. Recent advances in the estimation of collective models suggest ways to retrieve the complete sharing process within families using homogeneity assumptions (typically preference stability upon exclusive goods across individuals or household types) and the observation of exclusive goods. So far, the prediction of these mo...
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作者：Gennaro, Gloria; Ash, Elliott
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：This paper studies the use of emotion and reason in political discourse. Adopting computational-linguistics techniques to construct a validated text-based scale, we measure emotionality in six million speeches given in U.S. Congress over the years 1858-2014. Intuitively, emotionality spikes during times of war and is highest in speeches about patriotism. In the time series, emotionality was relatively low and stable in earlier years but increased significantly starting in the late 1970s. Acros...
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作者：Gehring, Kai
作者单位：University of Bern
摘要：Can external threats strengthen group identity? A growing body of research in economics emphasises the importance of cultural attributes such as identity for trust and cooperation. However, where these attributes come from is not well understood. This paper examines reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014, looking at European Union member states. Comparing low-threat to high-threat states in a difference-in-differences design, I find a sizeable and persistent positive effect on EU...
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作者：Fretz, Stephan; Parchet, Raphael; Robert-Nicoud, Frederic
作者单位：Universita della Svizzera Italiana; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We design a parsimonious spatial equilibrium model featuring workers embodied with heterogeneous skills and non-homothetic preferences. In equilibrium, locations with improved commuting access become relatively more attractive to high-income earners. We empirically analyse the effects of the construction of the Swiss highway network between 1960 and 2010 on the population size and composition of municipalities. We find that the advent of a new highway access led to a long-term 24% increase in ...
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作者：Parraga Rodriguez, Susana
作者单位：Banco de Espana
摘要：This paper analyses the causal effect of changes in public pensions on household spending. The identification exploits the introduction of a new welfare system in Spain during the 1980s and 1990s, and uses a novel narrative series of legislated pension changes as an instrument for pension income. Despite public pensions having a limited impact in the aggregate, I find a high, though less than unity, marginal propensity to consume for pensioners due to permanent income shocks at the household l...
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作者：Erhardt, Katharina; Haenni, Simon
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Zurich
摘要：Can culture explain persistent differences in economic activity among individuals and across regions? A novel measure of cultural origin enables us to contrast entrepreneurial activity of individuals located in the same municipality, but whose ancestors lived just on opposite sides of the Swiss language border in the eighteenth century. Individuals with ancestry from the German-speaking side create 20% more firms than those with ancestry from the French-speaking side. These differences persist...
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作者：Westphal, Matthias; Kamhoefer, Daniel A.; Schmitz, Hendrik
作者单位：University of Paderborn; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Paderborn; Dortmund University of Technology; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Paderborn
摘要：We identify female long-term wage returns to college education using the educational expansion between 1960-90 in West Germany as exogenous variation for college enrolment. We estimate marginal treatment effects and propose a simple partial identification technique accounting for women selecting into employment due to having a college education. College-educated women are, on average, more than 18 percentage points more likely to be employed due to having a college education than those without...
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作者：Schivardi, Fabiano; Sette, Enrico; Tabellini, Guido
作者单位：Luiss Guido Carli University; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; Bocconi University
摘要：Using data on bank-firm relationships in Italy during the Eurozone financial crisis, we show that: (i) compared to healthy banks, under-capitalised banks cut credit to healthy but not to zombie firms and are more likely to prolong a credit relationship with a zombie; (ii) in area sectors with more low-capital banks, zombies are more likely to survive; (iii) bank under-capitalisation does not hurt the growth rate of healthy firms. We provide evidence that extending credit to the weakest firms d...
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作者：Michaeli, Moti; Casari, Marco; Ichino, Andrea; De Paola, Maria; Marandola, Ginevra; Scoppa, Vincenzo
作者单位：University of Haifa; University of Bologna; IZA Institute Labor Economics; European University Institute; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Calabria
摘要：Migration may cause, not only a brain drain, but also a 'civicness' drain, leading to a poverty trap. Using migration choices of southern Italian high-school students classified as civic if not cheating in a modified die-roll experiment, we uncover a key role of local civicness (average civicness in the class): a civicness drain is observed only at high and low local civicness. We rationalise this pattern with a model in which civic and uncivic types balance hope versus fear of migration outco...
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作者：Dincecco, Mark; Fenske, James; Menon, Anil; Mukherjee, Shivaji
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Warwick; University of Toronto
摘要：Does pre-colonial history-and in particular the role of interstate warfare-help explain long-run development patterns across India? To address this question, we construct a new geocoded database of historical conflicts on the Indian subcontinent. We document a robust positive relationship between pre-colonial conflict exposure and local economic development today. Drawing on archival and secondary data, we show that districts that were more exposed to pre-colonial conflict experienced greater ...
