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作者：Sonin, Konstantin; Wright, Austin L.
作者单位：University of Chicago; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
摘要：Information operations are considered a central element of modern warfare and counter-insurgency, yet there remains little systematic evidence of their effectiveness. Using a geographic quasi-experiment conducted during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, we demonstrate that civilians exposed to the government's information campaign resulted in more civilian security cooperation, which in turn increased bomb neutralisations. These results are robust to a number of alternative model spec...
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作者：Gagliarducci, Stefano; Paserman, M. Daniele
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper uses data on bill co-sponsorship in the U.S. House of Representatives to estimate gender differences in cooperative behaviour. We find that among Democrats there is no significant gender gap in the number of co-sponsors recruited, but women-sponsored bills tend to have fewer co-sponsors from the opposite party. On the other hand, we find robust evidence that Republican women recruit more co-sponsors and attract more bipartisan support on the bills that they sponsor. We interpret the...
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作者：Li, Shengyu; Zhang, Hongsong
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Hong Kong
摘要：In this paper we investigate the impact of external monitoring from the government on state-owned enterprise performance, using the variation in monitoring strength arising from a nationwide policy change and firms' geographic location in China. We utilise a structural approach to estimate input prices and productivity separately at the firm level using commonly available production data. We show that enhanced external monitoring, as a key component of corporate governance, can substantially r...
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作者：Romero, Mauricio; Sandefur, Justin
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to eight private operators led to learning gains of 0.18 sigma after one year, but these effects plateaued in subsequent years (reaching 0.2 sigma after three years). Beyond learning gains, the programme reduced corporal punishment (by 4.6 percentage points from a base of 51%), but increased dropout (by 3.3 percentage points from a base of 15%) and failed to reduce sexual abuse. Despite facing si...
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作者：Franjo, Luis; Pouokam, Nathalie; Turino, Francesco
作者单位：Universitat d'Alacant; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper assesses the extent to which financial development and informality are related, and how this relation translates into differences in GDP and TFP across countries. To this end, we develop a quantitative life-cycle general equilibrium model of occupational choice with imperfect tax enforcement, in which informal entrepreneurs have no access to credit and face an endogenous probability of being caught for tax evasion. Our quantitative analysis shows that the degree of financial frictio...
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作者：Hefti, Andreas; Liu, Shuo; Schmutzler, Armin
作者单位：University of Zurich; Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Peking University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Existing literature has argued that firms benefit from confusing consumers of homogeneous goods. This paper shows that this insight generally breaks down with differentiated goods and heterogeneous preferences: with polarised taste distributions, firms fully educate consumers. In cases where firms nevertheless confuse consumers, the welfare consequences are worse than for homogeneous goods, as consumers choose dominated options. Similar insights are also obtained for political contests, in whi...
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作者：Bajo-Buenestado, Raul; Borrella-Mas, Miguel Angel
作者单位：University of Navarra; Rice University; University of Navarra
摘要：A large body of literature has examined the impact of the horizontal market structure on the tax incidence on consumers. However, the extent to which the vertical market structure affects the tax pass-through-which might be particularly relevant in the presence of the double marginalisation problem-is an unexplored question. Using a confidential dataset of gas station contracts with a major Spanish refiner, in combination with their retail fuel prices and characteristics, we document that the ...
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作者：Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Molina, Teresa; Nyshadham, Anant
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Enabling worker voice could improve worker retention and effort by providing workers the chance to improve their situation or an outlet to express discontent. We provide a test of this hypothesis via a randomised controlled trial in Indian garment factories. Just after what proved to be a disappointing wage hike, workers were chosen at random to participate in an anonymous survey in which they were asked for feedback on job conditions, supervisor performance and overall job satisfaction. Enabl...
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作者：Ciacci, Riccardo; Micaela Sviatschi, Maria
作者单位：Comillas Pontifical University; Princeton University
摘要：In this paper we study how the presence of adult entertainment establishments affects the incidence of sex crimes. We build a high-frequency daily and weekly panel that combines the exact location of non-self-reported sex crimes with the day of opening and exact location of adult entertainment establishments in New York City. We find that these businesses decrease sex crime by 13% per police precinct one week after the opening, and have no effect on other types of crime. The results suggest th...
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作者：Spolaore, Enrico; Wacziarg, Romain
作者单位：Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We investigate the determinants of the fertility decline in Europe from 1830 to 1970 using a newly constructed data set of linguistic distances between European regions. The decline resulted from the gradual diffusion of new fertility behaviour from French-speaking regions to the rest of Europe. Societies with higher education, lower infant mortality, higher urbanisation and higher population density had lower levels of fertility during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. However, th...
