-
作者：Arceo, Eva; Hanna, Rema; Oliva, Paulina
作者单位：Harvard University; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：Much of what we know about the marginal effect of pollution on infant mortality is derived from developed country data. However, given the lower levels of air pollution in developed countries, these estimates may not be externally valid to the developing country context if there is a non-linear dose relationship between pollution and mortality or if the costs of avoidance behaviour differ considerably between the two contexts. In this article, we estimate the relationship between pollution and...
-
作者：Gould, Eric D.; Klor, Esteban F.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This article investigates whether the 9/11 attacks affected the assimilation rate of Muslims in the US. Terror attacks by Islamic groups are likely to induce a backlash against Muslims, thereby raising their costs of assimilation. We find that Muslim immigrants living in states with the sharpest increase in hate crimes also exhibit: greater chances of marrying within their own ethnic group; higher fertility; lower female labour force participation; and lower English proficiency. These findings...
-
作者：Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant
作者单位：University of Southern California
摘要：Do parents invest more in higher quality children, or do they compensate for lower quality by giving more to children with lower endowments? We answer this question in the context of a large-scale iodine supplementation programme in Tanzania. We find that children with higher programme exposure were more likely to receive necessary vaccines and were breastfed for longer. Siblings of treated children were also more likely to be immunised. Fertility behaviour and investments at the time of birth...
-
作者：Bean, Charles
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：I review the causes and some of the consequences of the recent decline in global real interest rates. Causes include: a higher propensity to save associated with a rise in the population share of the high-saving middle-aged; a weaker propensity to invest since the 2007-8 financial crisis; and portfolio shifts towards safer assets. Consequences include: an increased likelihood that policy rates are constrained by the zero lower bound, necessitating greater reliance on unconventional monetary po...
-
作者：Jorda, Oscar; Taylor, Alan M.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：After the Global Financial Crisis, a controversial rush to fiscal austerity followed in many countries. Yet research on the effects of austerity on macroeconomic aggregates was and still is unsettled, mired by the difficulty of identifying multipliers from observational data. This article, reconciles seemingly disparate estimates of multipliers within a unified and state-contingent framework. We achieve identification of causal effects with new propensity-score based methods for time series da...
-
作者：Hoffman, Mitchell
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：Do people buy the right amount of information? In a novel field experiment, businesspeople experts provided guesses about the price and quality of actual websites. Compensation was provided for correct results (high or low). Before answers were revealed, subjects could pay to get a noisy signal. I find that the relationship between subjects' accuracy and their demand for information is much flatter than would be optimal. Subjects underpay for information when signals are valuable and overpay w...
-
作者：Kaiser, Boris; Siegenthaler, Michael
作者单位：University of Bern
摘要：This article examines the linkages between real exchange rate movements and firms' skill demand. Augmenting the model of Campa and Goldberg (2001) with heterogeneous labour, we show that exchange rate movements may affect unskilled workers differently than skilled workers because they change the relative price of imported inputs. Using panel data on Swiss manufacturers covering the period 1998-2012, we find that an appreciation increases high-skilled and reduces low-skilled employment in most ...
-
作者：Gomes, Pedro
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：I build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with search and matching frictions to determine the optimal public sector wage policy. Public sector wages are crucial in achieving efficient allocation of jobs. High wages induce too many unemployed to queue for public sector jobs, in turn raising unemployment. The optimal wage depends on the frictions in the two sectors. Following technology shocks, public sector wages should be pro-cyclical and deviations from the optimal policy signifi...
-
作者：Harrod, R. F.
作者单位：University of Oxford
-
作者：Miklos-Thal, Jeanine; Ullrich, Hannes
作者单位：University of Rochester; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Zurich
摘要：The career concerns literature predicts that incentives for effort decline as beliefs about ability become more precise (Holmstrom, 1982, 1999). In contrast, we show that effort can increase with belief precision when agents compete for promotions to better paid jobs that are assigned on the basis of perceived abilities. In this case, an intermediate level of precision provides the strongest incentive for effort, with effort increasing (decreasing) when beliefs are less (more) precise.
