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作者：Lavy, Victor; Schlosser, Analia; Shany, Adi
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Tel Aviv University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper investigates the effects of immigration from a developing country to a developed country during pregnancy on offspring outcomes. We focus on intermediate- and long-term outcomes, using quasi-experimental variation created by the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in May 1991. Individuals conceived before immigration experienced dramatic changes in their environmental conditions at different stages of prenatal development depending on their gestational age at migration. We find ...
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作者：Albagli, Elias; Canales, Mario; Syverson, Chad; Tapia, Matias; Wlasiuk, Juan
作者单位：Central Bank of Chile; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use administrative data for Chile to provide novel insights on the relationship between job transitions and productivity differentials and quantify how different groups contribute to aggregate reallocation. While on average workers move to more productive firms, almost half of transitions are 'down the productivity ladder'. Reallocation gains are mostly explained by a narrow subset of transitions: young, high-skilled workers generate the lion's share of aggregate productivity gains. Workers...
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作者：Gerster, Andreas; Lamp, Stefan
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of a large electricity tax exemption on production levels, employment and input choices in the German manufacturing industry. For two policy designs, we show that exempted plants increase their electricity use. This effect is larger under a notched exemption policy, where passing an eligibility threshold yields infra-marginal benefits, compared to a policy without such benefits. We detect no significant impact of the exemptions on production levels, export sh...
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作者：Singh, Abhijeet
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Large-scale student assessments are a cornerstone of proposed educational reforms to improve student achievement from very low levels in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, this promise relies on their presumed reliability. I use direct audit evidence from a large Indian state (Andhra Pradesh) to show that, as currently administered, official learning assessments substantially overstate proficiency and understate the 'learning crisis' of low student achievement. In an experiment covering ov...
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作者：Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Dahmann, Sarah C.; Kamhoefer, Daniel A.; Schildberg-Hoerisch, Hannah
作者单位：University of Sydney; University of Queensland; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children & Families Over the Life Course; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Melbourne; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Max Planck Society
摘要：This paper studies important determinants of adult self-control using population-representative data and exploiting Germany's division as quasi-experimental variation. We find that former East Germans have substantially more self-control than West Germans and provide evidence for government surveillance as a possible underlying mechanism. We thereby demonstrate that institutional factors can shape people's self-control. Moreover, we find that self-control increases linearly with age. In contra...
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作者：van Vlokhoven, Has
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：Capital costs are not directly observed since firms own part of their capital stock. I show under which assumptions variation in firms' input choices reveals the user cost of capital. Using Compustat data for the United States, I find that the costs of tangible capital as a share of output have not been increasing, while economic profits have been increasing over the past 50 years from around 4% to around 9% of sales. About three-quarters of the fall in the labour share is associated with a ri...
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作者：Denderski, Piotr; Sniekers, Florian
作者单位：University of Leicester; University of Leicester; Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Tilburg University
摘要：In most OECD countries, unemployment rates show no trend, which is puzzling if advancements in information and communication technologies decrease labour-market frictions. We show, both analytically and quantitatively, that accounting for the secular decline in self-employment rates solves the puzzle. While declining labour-market frictions can theoretically explain these trends, we provide contradictory causal evidence that the roll-out of broadband internet has increased self-employment and ...
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作者：Moorthy, Vivek S.
作者单位：College of the Holy Cross
摘要：I study how agricultural technological change affects labour market opportunities and fertility in a developing country context. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in the adoption of genetically engineered soy across municipalities in Brazil, I show that this labour-saving technology reduced female agricultural earnings and employment without inducing any female sectoral reallocation. Furthermore, this technology adoption increased fertility due to increases in overall household earnings...
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作者：Casas, Agustin; Curci, Federico; De Moragas, Antoni-Italo
作者单位：CUNEF Universidad
摘要：We exploit a unique quasi-experiment to study the effects of judicial decisions on sensitive issues on political attitudes. In 2010, the Spanish Constitutional Court partially overruled the new Catalan Constitution-the Estatut-that granted further decentralisation. Our identification strategy relies on the fact that this ruling occurred amid a public opinion survey. We find that the ruling increased support for independence by 5 percentage points. We interpret this result as evidence of judici...
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作者：Christian, Paul; Barrett, Christopher B.
作者单位：The World Bank; Cornell University
摘要：The long-recognised spurious regression problem can lead to mistaken inference in panel instrumental variable estimation. Spurious correlations arising from correlated cycles in finite time horizons can make irrelevant instruments appear strong with signable consequences for estimated instrumental variable coefficients, or interfere with valid inference of causal effects from instrumental variable coefficients estimated using relevant instruments. The inclusion of time fixed effects in interac...
