-
作者：Mele, Angelo
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University
摘要：This paper studies racial segregation in schools using data on student friendships from Add Health. I estimate an equilibrium model of friendship formation, with preferences allowing both homophily and heterophily in direct and indirect ties. I find that homophily goes beyond direct links: students also prefer racially homogeneous indirect friends, while there is heterophily in income. I simulate policies reallocating students across schools. Race-based policies have nonlinear effects on withi...
-
作者：Bau, Natalie; Das, Jishnu
作者单位：Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Using data from Pakistan, we show that existing methods produce unbiased and reliable estimates of teacher value added (TVA) despite significant differences in context. Although effective teachers increase learning substantially, observed teacher characteristics account for less than 5 percent of the variation in TVA. The first two years of tenure and content knowledge correlate with TVA in our sample. Wages for public sector teachers do not correlate with TVA, although they do in the private ...
-
作者：Gerarden, Todd D.; Reeder, W. Spencer; Stock, James H.
作者单位：Cornell University; Harvard University
摘要：Can supply-side environmental policies that limit the extraction of fossil fuels reduce CO2 emissions? This paper studies interactions between a specific supply-side policy-a carbon surcharge on federal coal royalties-and regulation of emissions from the power sector under the Clean Air Act. Estimates from a detailed dynamic model of the power sector suggest that, absent new downstream regulation, a royalty surcharge equal to the social cost of carbon would generate three-quarters of the emiss...
-
作者：Papay, John P.; Taylor, Eric S.; Tyler, Johan H.; Laski, Mary E.
作者单位：Brown University; Harvard University
摘要：We study a program designed to encourage learning from coworkers among school teachers. In an experiment, we document gains in job performance when high- and low-skilled teachers are paired and asked to work together on improving their skills. Pairs are matched on specific skills measured in prior evaluations. Each pair includes a target teacher who scores low in one or more of 19 skills and a partner who scores high in (many of) the target's deficient skills. Student achievement improved 0.12...
-
作者：Green, Daniel; Melzer, Brian T.; Parker, Jonathan A.; Rojas, Arcenis
作者单位：Harvard University; Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper evaluates the Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS) by comparing the vehicle purchases and disposals of households with eligible clunkers to those of households with similar but ineligible vehicles. CARS caused roughly 500,000 purchases during the program period. The provision of liquidity, through a rebate usable as a down payment, was critical in generating this large response. Participation was rare among households that owned clunkers with outstanding loans, which required loan rep...
-
作者：Bound, John; Braga, Breno; Khanna, Gaurav; Turner, Sarah
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Urban Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Virginia
摘要：The number of international undergraduate students at US public research universities increased dramatically over the past two decades, alongside concurrent reductions in state support for universities. We show that these trends are closely connected as public research universities relied on foreign students to cushion the effects of falling appropriations. The growing capacity in emerging economies to pay for a US education provided opportunities for universities to recover revenues from full...
-
作者：Yang, Jun; Purevjav, Avralt-Od; Li, Shanjun
作者单位：Beijing Jiaotong University; Cornell University; Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Severe traffic congestion is ubiquitous in large urban centers. This paper provides the first causal estimate of the relationship between traffic density and speed and optimal congestion charges using real-time fine-scale traffic data in Beijing. The identification relies on plausibly exogenous variation in traffic density induced by Beijing's driving restriction policy. Optimal congestion charges range from 5 to 39 cents per km depending on time and location. Road pricing would increase traff...
-
作者：Conlon, Christopher T.; Rao, Nirupama L.
作者单位：New York University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper uses-UPC-level data to examine the relationship between excise taxes, retail prices, and consumer welfare in the distilled spirits market. We document a nominal rigidity in retail prices that arises because firms largely choose prices that end in 99 cents and change prices in whole-dollar increments. A correctly specified model, like an ordered logit, takes this discreteness into account when predicting the effects of alternative taxes. Explicitly accounting for price points substan...
-
作者：Owens, Raymond, III; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban; Sarte, Pierre-Daniel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond; Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：This paper studies the urban structure of Detroit-one that is clearly not optimal for its size-which features a business district immediately surrounded by largely vacant neighborhoods. A model is presented where residential externalities lead to multiple equilibria at the neighborhood level. Specifically, neighborhood development requires the coordination of developers and residents, without which it may remain vacant even with sound fundamentals. Given this mechanism, existing strategic visi...
-
作者：Wettstein, Gal
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：I examine whether lack of an individual market for prescription drug insurance causes individuals to delay retirement. Exploiting the 2006 introduction of Medicare Part D, which subsidized drug insurance for Americans over age 65, I use a triple-differences design that compares labor outcomes of individuals with retiree health insurance up to age 65 to those with insurance for life, before and after age 65, before and after 2006.I find that those with benefits only to age 65 decreased full-tim...
