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作者：Cutler, DM; Reber, SJ
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use data on health plan choices by employees of Harvard University to compare the benefits of insurance competition with the costs of adverse selection. Moving to a voucher-type system induced significant adverse selection, with a welfare loss of 2 to 4 percent of baseline spending. But increased competition reduced Harvard's premiums by 5 to 8 percent. The premium reductions came from insurer profits, so while Harvard was better off, the net effect for society was only the adverse selectio...
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作者：Che, JH; Qian, YY
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Stanford University
摘要：We develop a theory of the ownership of firms in an environment without secure property rights against state encroachment. Private ownership leads to excessive revenue hiding, and state ownership (i.e., national government ownership) fails to provide incentives for managers and local governments in a credible way. Because local government ownership integrates local government activities and business activities, local government may better serve the interests of the national government, and thu...
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作者：Romer, D
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Terra, CT
作者单位：Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro
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作者：LopezDeSilanes, F
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Generating government revenue is a common objective in privatization. This paper asks what determines privatization prices using firm-level data for all 236 Mexican companies privatized between 1983 and 1992. There are three main reasons why net prices-auction prices net of the cost of prior restructuring measures-are low, averaging 54 cents per dollar of assets. First, privatization prices are very sensitive to the level of competition in the auction and restrictions often Limited participati...
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作者：Becker, GS; Mulligan, CB
摘要：We model a consumer's efforts to reduce the discount on future utilities. Our analysis shows how wealth, mortality, addictions, uncertainty, and other variables affect the degree of time preference. In addition to working out many implications of the model, we discuss evidence on consumption, savings, equilibrium, and the dynamics of inequality. We claim that most of that evidence is consistent with the predictions of our approach.
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作者：Ellingsen, T
摘要：The paper examines the evolutionary foundations of bilateral bargaining behavior. Interaction is assumed to be personal, in the sense that agents may recognize each others' bargaining strategies. In particular, the model allows interaction between ''obstinate'' agents, whose demands are independent of the opponent, and ''sophisticated' agents, who adapt to their opponent's expected play. When the pie's size is certain, evolution favors obstinate agents who insist on getting at least half the p...
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作者：Knack, S; Keefer, P
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; The World Bank
摘要：This paper presents evidence that ''social capital'' matters for measurable economic performance, using indicators of trust and civic norms from the World Values Surveys for a sample of 29 market economies. Memberships in formal groups-Putnam's measure of social capital-is not associated with trust or with improved economic performance. We find trust and civic norms are stronger in nations with higher and more equal incomes, with institutions that restrain predatory actions of chief executives...
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作者：Levy, D; Bergen, M; Dutta, S; Venable, R
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Southern California
摘要：We use store-level data to document the exact process of changing prices and to directly measure menu costs at five multistore supermarket chains. We show that changing prices in these establishments is a complex process, requiring dozens of steps and a nontrivial amount of resources. The menu costs average $105,887/year per store, comprising 0.70 percent of revenues, 35.2 percent of net margins, and $0.52/price change. These menu costs may be forming a barrier to price changes. Specifically, ...
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作者：Nonneman, W; Vanhoudt, P
