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作者：Dehejia, R; Lleras-Muney, A
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：We study the relationship between the unemployment rate at the time of a baby's conception and parental characteristics, parental behaviors, and babies' health. Babies conceived in times of high unemployment have a reduced incidence of low and very low birth weight, fewer congenital malformations, and lower postneonatal mortality. These health improvements are attributable both to selection ( changes in the type of mothers who conceive during recessions) and to improvements in health behavior ...
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作者：Reinhart, CM; Rogoff, KS
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Harvard University
摘要：We develop a novel system of reclassifying historical exchange rate regimes. One key difference between our study and previous classifications is that we employ monthly data on market-determined parallel exchange rates going back to 1946 for 153 countries. Our approach differs from the IMF official classification (which we show to be only a little better than random); it also differs radically from all previous attempts at historical reclassification. Our classification points to a rethinking ...
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作者：Akhmedov, A; Zhuravskaya, E
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper tests the theory of opportunistic cycles in a decade-old democracy Russia-finds strong evidence of cycles, and provides an explanation for why previous literature often found weaker evidence. Using regional monthly panel data, we find that (1) the budget cycle is sizable and short-lived; public spending shifts toward direct monetary transfers to voters; (2) the magnitude of the cycle decreases with democracy, government transparency, media freedom, voter awareness, and over time; an...
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作者：Davis, JH
作者单位：The Vanguard Group, Inc.
摘要：As a remedy for the notorious deficiency of pre-Civil War U.S. macroeconomic data, this study introduces an annual index of American industrial production consistently defined from 1790 until World War I. The index incorporates 43 quantity-based annual series (most entirely new) in the manufacturing and mining industries in a manner similar to the Federal Reserve Board's monthly industrial production index. The index changes our view of the growth and volatility of the U. S. economy before Wor...
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作者：Schott, PK
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper exploits product-level U.S. import data to test trade theory. Although the United States increasingly sources the same products from both high- and low-wage countries, unit values within products vary systematically with exporter relative factor endowments and exporter production techniques. These facts reject factor-proportions specialization across products but are consistent with such specialization within products. The data are inconsistent with new trade theory models predictin...
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作者：Niepelt, D
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：I examine the fiscal theory of the price level according to which non-Ricardian policy and predetermined nominal government debt fiscally determine prices. I argue that the non-Ricardian policy assumption and, by implication, fiscal price level determination are inconsistent with an equilibrium in which all asset holdings reflect optimal household choices. In such an equilibrium, policy must be Ricardian even if, in some states of nature, the government defaults or commits to an arbitrary real...
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作者：Barbera, S; Jackson, MO
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; California Institute of Technology
摘要：Constitutional arrangements affect the decisions made by a society. We study how this effect leads to preferences of citizens over constitutions; and ultimately how this has a feedback that determines which constitutions can survive in a given society. Constitutions are stylized here, to consist of a voting rule for ordinary business and possibly a different voting rule for making changes to the constitution. We define an equilibrium notion for constitutions, called self-stability, whereby und...
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作者：Besley, T; Burgess, R
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper investigates whether the industrial relations climate in Indian states has affected the pattern of manufacturing growth in the period 1958-1992. We show that states which amended the Industrial Disputes Act in a pro-worker direction experienced lowered output, employment, investment, and productivity in registered or formal manufacturing. In contrast, output in unregistered or informal manufacturing increased. Regulating in a pro-worker direction was also associated with increases i...
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作者：DiNardo, J; Lee, DS
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Economic impacts of unionization on employers are difficult to estimate in the absence of large, representative data on establishments with union status information. Estimates are also confounded by selection bias, because unions could organize at highly profitable enterprises that are more likely to grow and pay higher wages. Using multiple establishment-level data sets that represent establishments that faced organizing drives in the United States during 1984-1999, this paper uses a regressi...
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作者：Botero, JC; Djankov, S; La Porta, R; Lopez-de-Silanes, F; Shleifer, A
作者单位：Yale University; The World Bank; Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We investigate the regulation of labor markets through employment, collective relations, and social security laws in 85 countries. We find that the political power of the left is associated with more stringent labor regulations and more generous social security systems, and that socialist, French, and Scandinavian legal origin countries have sharply higher levels of labor regulation than do common law countries. However, the effects of legal origins are larger, and explain more of the variatio...
