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作者：Buser, Thomas; Niederle, Muriel; Oosterbeek, Hessel
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Gender differences in competitiveness have been hypothesized as a potential explanation for gender differences in education and labor market outcomes. We examine the predictive power of a standard laboratory experimental measure of competitiveness for the later important choice of academic track of secondary school students in the Netherlands. Although boys and girls display similar levels of academic ability, boys choose substantially more prestigious academic tracks, where more prestigious t...
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作者：Chetty, Raj; Friedman, John N.; Leth-Petersen, Soren; Nielsen, Torben Heien; Olsen, Tore
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Using 41 million observations on savings for the population of Denmark, we show that the effects of retirement savings policies on wealth accumulation depend on whether they change savings rates by active or passive choice. Subsidies for retirement accounts, which rely on individuals to take an action to raise savings, primarily induce individuals to shift assets from taxable accounts to retirement accounts. We estimate that each $1 of government expenditure on subsidies increases total saving...
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作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Lucca, David; Seru, Amit; Trebbi, Francesco
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of British Columbia
摘要：We find that regulators can implement identical rules inconsistently due to differences in their institutional design and incentives, and this behavior may adversely impact the effectiveness with which regulation is implemented. We study supervisory decisions of U.S. banking regulators and exploit a legally determined rotation policy that assigns federal and state supervisors to the same bank at exogenously set time intervals. Comparing federal and state regulator supervisory ratings within th...
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作者：Coffman, Katherine Baldiga
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We use a lab experiment to explore the factors that predict an individual's decision to contribute her idea to a group. We find that contribution decisions depend on the interaction of gender and the gender stereotype associated with the decision-making domain: conditional on measured ability, individuals are less willing to contribute ideas in areas that are stereotypically outside of their gender's domain. Importantly, these decisions are largely driven by self-assessments, rather than fear ...
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作者：Allen, Treb; Arkolakis, Costas
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：We develop a general equilibrium framework to determine the spatial distribution of economic activity on any surface with (nearly) any geography. Combining the gravity structure of trade with labor mobility, we provide conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a spatial economic equilibrium and derive a simple set of equations that govern the relationship between economic activity and the geography of the surface. We then use the framework to estimate the topography of trade c...
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作者：Hanna, Rema; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Schwartzstein, Joshua
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
摘要：We consider a model of technological learning under which people learn through noticing: they choose which input dimensions to attend to and subsequently learn about from available data. Using this model, we show how people with a great deal of experience may persistently be off the production frontier because they fail to notice important features of the data they possess. We also develop predictions on when these learning failures are likely to occur, as well as on the types of interventions...
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作者：Michalopoulos, Stelios; Papaioannou, Elias
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London Business School
摘要：We investigate the role of national institutions on subnational African development in a novel framework that accounts for both local geography and cultural-genetic traits. We exploit the fact that the political boundaries on the eve of African independence partitioned more than 200 ethnic groups across adjacent countries subjecting similar cultures, residing in homogeneous geographic areas, to different formal institutions. Using both a matching type and a spatial regression discontinuity app...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Kostol, Andreas Ravndal; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Statistics Norway; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Bergen; University of Chicago
摘要：We investigate the existence and importance of family welfare cultures, where the receipt of a welfare program by one generation causes increased participation in the next generation. Our context is Norway's disability insurance (DI) system. To overcome the challenge of correlated unobservables across generations, we take advantage of random assignment of judges to DI applicants whose cases are initially denied. Some appeal judges are systematically more lenient, which leads to random variatio...
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作者：Cavallo, Alberto; Neiman, Brent; Rigobon, Roberto
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Chicago
摘要：We use a novel data set of online prices of identical goods sold by four large global retailers in dozens of countries to study good-level real exchange rates and their aggregated behavior. First, in contrast to the prior literature, we demonstrate that the law of one price holds very well within currency unions for tens of thousands of goods sold by each of the retailers, implying good-level real exchange rates often equal to 1. Prices of these same goods exhibit large deviations from the law...
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作者：Chetty, Raj; Hendren, Nathaniel; Kline, Patrick; Saez, Emmanuel
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of intergenerational mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase
