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作者：Adukia, Anjali; Eble, Alex; Harrison, Emileigh; Runesha, Hakizumwami Birali; Szasz, Teodora
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：Books shape how children learn about society and norms, in part through representation of different characters. We use computational tools to characterize representation in children's books widely read in homes, classrooms, and libraries over the past century and describe economic forces that may contribute to these patterns. We introduce new artificial intelligence methods for systematically converting images into data. We apply these tools, alongside text analysis methods, to measure skin co...
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作者：Bazzi, Samuel; Ferrara, Andreas; Fiszbein, Martin; Pearson, Thomas; Testa, Patrick A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Boston University; Syracuse University; Tulane University
摘要：This article shows how the migration of millions of Southern whites in the twentieth century shaped the cultural and political landscape across the United States. Racially and religiously conservative, Southern white migrants created new electoral possibilities for a broad-based coalition with economic conservatives. With their considerable geographic scope, these migrants hastened partisan realignment and helped catalyze and bolster a New Right movement with national influence over the long r...
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作者：Jacobsen, Mark R.; Sallee, James M.; Shapiro, Joseph S.; van Benthem, Arthur A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：The world has 1.4 billion passenger vehicles. How should governments regulate their air pollution emissions? A Pigouvian tax is technologically infeasible. Most countries instead rely on exhaust standards that limit air pollution emissions per mile for new vehicles. We assess the effectiveness and efficiency of these standards, which are the centerpiece of U.S. Clean Air Act regulation of transportation, and counterfactual policies. We show that the air pollution emissions per mile of new U.S....
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作者：Deshpande, Manasi; Mueller-Smith, Michael
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We estimate the effect of losing Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits at age 18 on criminal justice and employment outcomes over the next two decades. To estimate this effect, we use a regression discontinuity design in the likelihood of being reviewed for SSI eligibility at age 18 created by the 1996 welfare reform law. We evaluate this natural experiment with Social Security Administration data linked to records from the Criminal Justice Administrative Records System. We find that SSI...
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作者：Alvarez, Fernando; Lippi, Francesco; Oskolkov, Aleksei
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Luiss Guido Carli University
摘要：We give a full analytic characterization of a large class of sticky-price models where the firm's price-setting behavior is described by a generalized hazard function. Such a function allows for a vast variety of empirical hazards to be fitted. This setup is microfounded by random adjustment costs, as in , or by information frictions, as in . We establish two main results. First, we show how to identify all the primitives of the model, including the distribution of the fundamental adjustment c...
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作者：Caprettini, Bruno; Voth, Hans-Joachim
作者单位：University of St Gallen; University of Zurich
摘要：We demonstrate an important complementarity between patriotism and public-good provision. After 1933, the New Deal led to an unprecedented expansion of the U.S. federal government's role. Those who benefited from social spending were markedly more patriotic during World War II: they bought more war bonds, volunteered more, and, as soldiers, won more medals. This pattern was new-World War I volunteering did not show the same geography of patriotism. We match military service records with the 19...
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作者：Ali, S. Nageeb; Haghpanah, Nima; Lin, Xiao; Siegel, Ron
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：The seller of an asset has the option to buy hard information about the value of the asset from an intermediary. The seller can then disclose this information before selling the asset in a competitive market. We study how the intermediary designs and sells hard information to robustly maximize the intermediary's revenue across all equilibria. Even though the intermediary could use an accurate test that reveals the asset's value, we show that robust revenue maximization leads to a noisy test wi...
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作者：Cullen, Zoe; Dobbie, Will; Hoffman, Mitchell
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; University of Toronto; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We experimentally test several approaches to increasing the demand for workers with a criminal record on a nationwide staffing platform by addressing potential downside risk and productivity concerns. The staffing platform asked hiring managers to make a series of hypothetical hiring decisions that affected whether workers with a criminal record could accept their jobs in the future. We find that 39% of businesses in our sample are willing to work with individuals with a criminal record at bas...
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作者：KLINE, P. A. T. R. I. C. K.; ROSE, E. V. A. N. K.; WALTERS, C. H. R. I. S. T. O. P. H. E. R. R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：We study the results of a massive nationwide correspondence experiment sending more than 83,000 fictitious applications with randomized characteristics to geographically dispersed jobs posted by 108 of the largest U.S. employers. Distinctively Black names reduce the probability of employer contact by 2.1 percentage points relative to distinctively white names. The magnitude of this racial gap in contact rates differs substantially across firms, exhibiting a between-company standard deviation o...
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作者：Amiti, Mary; Itskhoki, Oleg; Konings, Jozef
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Nazarbayev University; KU Leuven; University of Liverpool
摘要：We analyze how firms choose the currency of invoicing and the implications of this choice for exchange rate pass-through into export prices and quantities. Using a new data set for Belgian firms, we find currency invoicing to be an active firm-level decision, shaped by the firm's size, exposure to imported inputs, and the currency choices of its competitors. Our results show that a firm's currency choice, in turn, has a direct causal effect on the exchange rate pass-through into prices and qua...
